Resp Histology

Question 1

what epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 2

what epithelium lines the oropharynx?

Answer 2

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

transmits air and food

Question 3

what lines the larynx and vocal folds?

Answer 3

larynx walls made of muscle and cartilage

vocal folds covered in stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

what are the layers of the trachea wall (from lumen outwards)?

Answer 4

repiratory epithelium > basal lamina > lamina propria of connective tissue > submucosa of loose connective tissue (including seromucous glands) > cartilaginous rings

Question 5

what are the layers of the bronchi walls (lumen outwards)?

Answer 5

Respiratory epithelium > lamina propria (including smooth muscle and seromucous glands) > irregular shaped cartilage

Question 6

what lines the bronchioles?

Answer 6

cuboidal epithelium, lamina propria (with smooth muscle) underneath (no cartilage)

Question 7

what lines the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 7

respiratory epithelium with lamina propria and few goblet cells
No cartilage
contain clara cells (detoxift, immune modulation, surfactant production)

Question 8

what are type 1 alveolar cells?

Answer 8

simple squamous epithelium
90% of alveolar surface
blood/air barrier

Question 9

what are type 2 alveolar cells?

Answer 9

polygonal shape with microvilli

secrete surfactant

Question 10

where is olfactory epithelium found?

Answer 10

roof of nasal cavity

Question 11

what do clara cells do?

Answer 11

secrete surfactant
immune cell
stem cell
non-ciliated
found in terminal bronchioles

Question 12

stimulation of which nerves triggers a sneeze reflex?

Answer 12

glossopharyngeal and trigeminal

Question 13

stimulation of which nerves triggers a cough reflex?

Answer 13

vagus and