Nutrition

Question 1

what are the 5 As of behaviour change?

Answer 1

ask (discuss diet)
assess (habits, motivation)
advise (health benefits)
agree (set goals)
assist (monitor and support)

Question 2

what cancer is caused by alcohol?

Answer 2

oesophageal

stomach

Question 3

what cancer is caused by salt?

Answer 3

stomach

increased H. pylori risk which causes stomach cancer

Question 4

what cancers does red and processed meat increase the risk of?

Answer 4

colorectal
non-cardia gastric
oesophageal

Question 5

exercise targets?

Answer 5

150 mins mod-intense per week

cardio and muscle strengthening

Question 6

red and processed meat guidance?

Answer 6

<70g per day

<500g per week

Question 7

salt target?

Answer 7

<6g per day

Question 8

BMI ranges?

Answer 8

underweight = <18.5
normal = 18.5 - 24.9
overweight = 25> 29.9
Obese I = 30 - 34.9
Obese II = 35-40
Obese III = >40

Question 9

how is MUST calculated?

Answer 9

BMI:
- >20 = 0
- 18.5 - 20 = 1
- <18.5 = 2
Unplanned weight loss:
- <5% = 0
- 5-10% = 1
- >10% = 2
Acutely ill + likely to not have had nutritional intake for 5 days
- Yes = 2
- No = 0

Question 10

what increases and decreases risk of diverticula disease?

Answer 10

less fibre and more animal fat = increases risk

exercise and fluids = decreased risk

Question 11

what can be used to indicate BMI of the patient?

Answer 11

middle upper arm circumference (MUAC)

Question 12

what can be used to indicate height of the patient?

Answer 12

Ulna length

Question 13

what can be used to indicate muscle function?

Answer 13

grip strength dynamometer

Question 14

what can be used to indicate body fat?

Answer 14

triceps skinfold test

Question 15

what is malnutrition?

Answer 15

deficiency of energy, protein and other nutrients causing adverse affects on tissue, body form, function and clinical outcome

Question 16

when is enteral tube feeding used?

Answer 16

inadequate or unsafe oral intake

functional accessible GI tract

Question 17

when is enteral tube feeding not used?

Answer 17

lower GI obstruction
prolonged intestinal ileus
severe diarrhoea and vomiting
high enterocutaneous fistula
intestinal ischaemia

Question 18

when is parenteral nutrition used?

Answer 18

inadequate or unsafe oral and/or enteral intake

non functional, inaccessible or perforated GI tract

Question 19

what is refeeding syndrome?

Answer 19

fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes and disturbances in organ function and metabolic regulation that may result from rapid initiation of refeeding after period of under-nutrition

Question 20

what might refeeding syndrome result in?

Answer 20

arrhythmias
altered consciousness
seizure
resp failure
CVS collapse
death