First Year

Question 1

mechanism of action of dabigatran?

Answer 1

direct thrombin inhibitor

Question 2

mechanism of rivaroxaban?

Answer 2

direct factor X inhibitor

Question 3

mechanism of heparin?

Answer 3

activates anti-thrombin III

Question 4

mechanism of clopidogrel?

Answer 4

P2Y12 inhibitor

Question 5

what causes first heart sound?

Answer 5

closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
soft in mitral regurgitation
loud in mitral stenosis

Question 6

what causes second heart sound?

Answer 6

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
soft in aortic stenosis
often split during inspiration

Question 7

S3 is always abnormal, true or false?

Answer 7

false

can be normal in people under 30 (women up to 50)

Question 8

what causes S3?

Answer 8

diastolic filling of ventricles
left ventricular failure
mitral regurgitation
constrictive pericarditis

Question 9

what causes S4?

Answer 9

atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle

can be heard in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, LVH, aortic stenosis, hypertension

Question 10

how does AF affect JVP?

Answer 10

absence of a waves

Question 11

spirometry in COPD?

Answer 11

FEV1/FVC is reduced as there is a lerger decrease in FEV1 than FVC

Question 12

strawberry tongue and red palms and soles of feet in a child?

Answer 12

Kawasaki disease

Question 13

where does the abdominal aorta begin and terminate?

Answer 13

T12 - L4

Question 14

how much bile enters the duodenum per 24 hrs?

Answer 14

500ml - 1.5L