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Holy Grail Docs > Resp Bible > Flashcards

Resp Bible Flashcards

1
Q

where does the larynx become the trachea / the pharynx becomes the oesophagus?

A

C6

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2
Q

at which level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T5-T7

carina

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3
Q

what is the lingual?

A

flap of tissue on the inferior medial edge of the left lung

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4
Q

which nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

C3, 4, 5

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5
Q

what are the signs or horner’s syndrome?

A

ptosis (drooping eyelid)
Miosis (contriction of pupil)
Anhydrosis (failure of sweat glands)

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6
Q

which lung cancer cancer do non-smokers get?

A

adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

which antigen is present in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

P63

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8
Q

what is the rima glottidis?

A

narrowest part of the larynx

where foreign bodies tend to block

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9
Q

obstructive lung disease + raised eosinophils?

A

asthma

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10
Q

obstructive lung disease + raised neutrophils?

A

COPD

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11
Q

Asian man with fever, weight loss and night sweats?

A

TB

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12
Q

what test is done for legionella pneumonia?

A

urine antigen test

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13
Q

ABCDE of pulmonary oedema?

A 
Alveolar bat's wings
kerly B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
pleural Effusion
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14
Q

ziehl nelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli?

A

TB

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15
Q

4 Cs of fibrosis?

A

Clubbing
Cough
Cyanosis
Crackles (fine inspiratory)

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16
Q

D sign on X ray?

A

empyema

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17
Q

type 1 resp failure?

A

hypoxia

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18
Q

type 2 resp failure?

A

hypoxia and hypercapnia

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19
Q

factors of exudate?

A

protein > 30

LDH > 200

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20
Q

factors of transudate?

A

protein < 30

LDH < 200

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21
Q

what are the signs of metabolic acidosis/diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Type 1 diabetic not taking insulin and vomiting
dehydrated
deep laboured breathing

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22
Q

thumbprint on head X ray?

A

epiglottitis

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23
Q

what is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

A

H. influenza

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24
Q

how is epiglottitis treated?

A

ceftriaxone

don’t touch with tongue depressor

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25
Q

Increased ACE and calcium?

A

sarcoidosis

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26
Q

where is respiratory rhythm established?

A

medulla

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27
Q

which type of firing in the medulla initiates inspiration and expiration??

A

DIVE
dorsal = inspiratory
ventral = expiratory

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28
Q

how is breathing modified in the pons?

A

apneustic centre = prolongs inspiration (can cause apneustic breathing)
Pneumotaxic centre = inhibits inspiration

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29
Q

what is Henry’s law?

A

the volume of a gas is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with a liquid

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30
Q

what type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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31
Q

what is coryza?

A

common cold

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32
Q

what epithelium lines each part of the respiratory tract?

A

respiratory epithelium = from nasal cavity to bronchi
Bronchioles = simple columnar
Alveoli - simple squamous

33
Q

what is associated with chlamydiophila psittachi?

A

bird keeping
headache
mucoid sputum (white or grey)

34
Q

what is associated with coxiella burnetti?

A

sheep farmer

Q fever

35
Q

what is associated with legionella?

A

water on foreign holiday
GI upset
urine antigen testing

36
Q

what is associated with mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

dry cough
young people
normal CXR

37
Q

what is associated with klebsiella pneumonia?

A

rec currant jelly sputum

COPD/alcoholics/elderly

38
Q

what is associated with pneumocystis carinni pneumonia?

A

HIV
AIDS
immunosuppressed

39
Q

what is associated with strep pneumonia?

A

rusty sputum

40
Q

what are the common causes of pneumonia in CF patients?

A

staph aureus

pseudomonas aeruginosa

41
Q

what is associated with H. influenza?

A

COPD
alcoholics
elderly

42
Q

what is associated with bordetella pertussis?

A

whooping cough

bronchopneumonia

43
Q

what is associated with pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A 
CF
UTI
GI
Burns
Scars
Gram -ve bacillus
44
Q

what are the signs of whooping cough?

A

high pitched gasp on inspiration following fit of coughing

similar symptoms to cold

45
Q

what is bronchopneumonia?

A

pneumonia arising from the bronchi/bronchioles

46
Q

stony dull percussion?

A

pleural effusion

47
Q

Kerly B lines on CXR?

A

heart failure

48
Q

Tram line shadowing?

A

bronchiectasis

49
Q

Miliary shadowing?

A

Miliary TB

50
Q

Wedge-shaped infarct?

A

PE

51
Q

ground glass appearance?

A

fibrosis

52
Q

honeycomb appearance?

A

fibrosis (late)

53
Q

pleural mass with lobulated margin?

A

mesothelioma

54
Q

signs of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

early onset emphysema plus liver disease

fever, cough, SOB hours after exposure to antigen (often farmer after hay exposure)

55
Q

signs of CF?

A

recurrent chest infections
failure to thrive
possible steatorrhoea (pancreatic insufficiency)
Positive sweat test (NaCl >60)

56
Q

signs of fibrosing alveolitis?

A

progressive dyspnoea and cyanosis
clubbing
fine end-inspiratory crackles
CXR = ground glass > honeycombing

57
Q

signs of a lung abscess?

A

swinging fever
copious foul smelling sputum
persistent worsening pneumonia

58
Q

cavitating lung(s)?

A

staph/klebsiella infection

59
Q

rifampicin side effects?

A

hepatitis
orange secretions
deranged LFTs

60
Q

isoniazid side effects?

A

hepatitis

peripheral neuropathy

61
Q

Pyrazinamide side effects?

A

hepatitis

gout

62
Q

ethambutamol side effects?

A

pain

colour blindness > blindness

63
Q

which cancer gives off mucin?

A

adenocarcinoma

64
Q

which cancer gives off ectopic hormone?

A 
PTH = squamous
ACTH = small cell
65
Q

which investigation is used to look for bone metastases?

A

radionuclide bone scan

66
Q

name a contra-indication for V/Q scan

A

pregnancy

67
Q

what is the treatment for a large PE?

A

thrombolysis

68
Q

what is the treatment for a small PE?

A

LMWH

69
Q

what are the common characteristics of someone with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency?

A

young
non-smoker
possible liver damage
lung disease (COPD)

70
Q

what is caplan’s syndrome?

A

combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis

manifests in intrapulmonary nodules which are well defined on CXR

71
Q

what is samter’s triad?

A

asthma
aspirin sensitivity
nasal polyps
(aspirin induced asthma)

72
Q

what does the location of the emphysema tell you about the cause?

A 
centriacinar = smoking
panacinar = A1AT deficiency
73
Q

pink puffer?

blue bloater?

A

pink puffer = emphysema

blue bloater = bronchitis

74
Q

what is the commonest cause of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

75
Q

where is the middle lobe auscultated?

A

between right ribs 4 and 6

76
Q

where are the oblique and horizontal fissures?

A 
oblique = rib 6
horizontal = rib 4
77
Q

what lies in the anterior intercostal spaces?

A

internal thoracic artery/vein

78
Q

what lies in the posterior intercostal space?

A

thoracic aorta/azygous vein

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