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MAD Exam 3 > Resp and Cards Viruses > Flashcards

Resp and Cards Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

influenza virus family

A

orthomyxovirus

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2
Q

influenza structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(-) RNA, linear, SEGMENTED (8 segments)

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3
Q

influenza structure

A

enveloped, helical

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4
Q

influenza entry

A

HA glycoprotein mediates binding and cell entry

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5
Q

influenza assembly/egress

A

NA (neuraminidase) glycoprotein is involved in RELEASE of progeny virus from cells; cleaves sugars that bind mature virus particles

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6
Q

what is important about the segments of influenza

A

can show a dramatic antigenic SHIFT by reassortment

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7
Q

influenza epidemiology

A

*influenza A - shift AND drift
*influenza B - no shift, just DRIFT

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8
Q

influenza transmission

A

respiratory droplets
direct contact
fomites

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9
Q

influenza clinical course

A

*headache, fever, malaise, myalgias, cough
*pneumonia and secondary bacterial infections may follow

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10
Q

influenza testing

A
  1. rapid antibody/antigen test
  2. PCR of nasal secretions
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11
Q

influenza treatment

A

oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor)

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12
Q

influenza vaccine

A

KILLED quadravalent vaccine
live, attenuated nasal spray

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13
Q

adenovirus structure - nucleic acid

A

dsDNA, linear

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14
Q

adenovirus structure

A

naked, icosahedral

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15
Q

adenovirus transmission

A

respiratory
fecal-oral
direct contact

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16
Q

adenovirus clinical course

A

*pharyngoconjunctival fever: pharyngitis, conjunctivitis w/o pus, cough, sore throat
*acute hemorrhagic cystitis: boys (5-15) with dysuria and hematuria
*myocarditis
*acute respiratory distress in spring/fall

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17
Q

adenovirus common source of infection

A

swimming pools!

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18
Q

picornavirus family members

A

1) enteroviruses:
*Coxsackie
*Echovirus
*Polio

2) Rhinovirus

3) Hep A

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19
Q

Coxsackie A structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

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20
Q

Coxsackie A structure

A

naked, icosahedral

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21
Q

Coxsackie A transmission

A

fecal-oral

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22
Q

Coxsackie A clinical course

A

*think: MUCOUS MEMBRANES
*herpangina (painful mouth sores)
*acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
*HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
*common cold
*aseptic meningitis

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23
Q

Coxsackie A testing

A

PCR (nasal swab or blood)

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24
Q

Coxsackie B structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

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25
Q

Coxsackie B strucuture

A

naked, icosahedral

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26
Q

Coxsackie B transmission

A

fecal-oral

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27
Q

Coxsackie B clinical course

A

*THINK: ORGAN INVOLVEMENT
*myocarditis, pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy
*Bornholm disease / devil’s grip: inflammation of muscles around the lungs, making it difficult to breathe
*common cold
*aseptic meningitis

28
Q

Coxsackie B testing

A

PCR (nasal swab or blood)

29
Q

echovirus structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

30
Q

echovirus structure

A

naked, icosahedral

31
Q

echovirus transmission

A

fecal-oral

32
Q

echovirus clinical course

A

*acute febrile illness in infants/young children
*aseptic meningitis
*neonatal sepsis
*MYOCARDITIS

33
Q

echovirus testing

A

PCR (nasal swab or blood)

34
Q

rhinovirus structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

35
Q

rhinovirus structure

A

naked, icosahedral

36
Q

rhinovirus entry

A

ICAM-1 cellular receptor

37
Q

rhinovirus important info

A

acid-LABILE (destroyed by stomach acid)

38
Q

rhinovirus clinical course

A

1 cause of common cold

39
Q

SARS-Cov (2002-2004) structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

40
Q

SARS-Cov (2002-2004) structure

A

enveloped, helical

41
Q

SARS-Cov (2002-2004) binding

A

SPIKE PROTEIN mediates binding

42
Q

SARS-Cov (2002-2004) replication

A

polyproteins processed by viral proteases PLP and 3CLpro

43
Q

SARS-Cov (2002-2004) clinical course

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

44
Q

COVID-19 structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

45
Q

COVID-19 structure

A

enveloped, helical

46
Q

COVID-19 binding

A

binds to cellular ACE2 protein, via COVID-19 spike

47
Q

COVID-19 clinical course

A
  1. severe acute respiratory syndrome
  2. multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): looks like Kawasaki’s disease; can be fatal; occurs AFTER COVID-19; tx with immunosuppressives
48
Q

COVID-19 treatments

A
  1. Remdesivir (IV; if hospitalized)
  2. Paxlovid (if outpatient)
49
Q

pneumovirus family members

A

*RSV
*human metapneumovirus

50
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(-) RNA, linear

51
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) structure

A

enveloped, helical

52
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) entry

A

F and G proteins on virus surface

53
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical course

A
  1. adults: common cold
  2. infants/premature: bronchiolitis, necrosis of bronchioles, atypical pneumonia
54
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine

A
  1. Abrysvo: give to mom so she makes antibodies and protects baby
  2. Nirsevimab

*live, attenuated

55
Q

human metapneumovirus structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(-) RNA, linear

56
Q

human metapneumovirus structure

A

enveloped, helical

57
Q

human metapneumovirus transmission

A

direct contact
respiratory

58
Q

human metapneumovirus clinical cours

A

*“this kid must have RSV, but test is negative…”
*common cold
*severe disease in premature infants and immunocompromised
*more severe in asthma and COPD patients

59
Q

parainfluenza structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(-) RNA, linear

60
Q

parainfluenza structure

A

enveloped, helical

61
Q

parainfluenza transmission

A

direct contact
respiratory

62
Q

parainfluenza clinical course

A

**CROUP: subglottal swelling and hoarse, barking cough (infants and young kids)
*otherwise, cold symptoms

63
Q

hantavirus structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(-) RNA, linear, 3 circular segments

64
Q

hantavirus family

A

bunyavirus

65
Q

hantavirus epidemiology

A

contact with RODENTS (saliva, feces, and/or urine)

66
Q

hantavirus clinical course

A
  1. hantavirus hemorrhagic fever: renal syndrome, headaches, back and abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, blurred vision, rash
  2. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: often FATAL; flu-like, fever, cough, myalgias, headache, then sudden SHORTNESS OF BREATH with evolving PULMONARY EDEMA

MAD Exam 3 (28 decks)

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