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MAD Exam 3 > GI Viruses > Flashcards

GI Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

rotavirus structure - nucleic acid

A

dsRNA, linear, SEGMENTED

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2
Q

rotavirus structure

A

naked, icosahedral

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3
Q

rotavirus entry

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis in gut

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4
Q

rotavirus toxin

A

NSP4 toxin: an enterotoxin that increases gut chloride permeability, leading to diarrhea

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5
Q

rotavirus epidemiology

A

most common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children
*almost every child infected by age 5

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6
Q

rotavirus transmission

A

fecal-oral
person-to-person
contaminated surfaces

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7
Q

rotavirus clinical course

A

nausea
vomiting
watery diarrhea
abdominal pain

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8
Q

rotavirus testing

A

PCR of stool
antigen in stool

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9
Q

rotavirus vaccine

A

LIVE, ATTENUATED vaccine recommended for all children

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10
Q

norovirus structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA

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11
Q

norovirus structure

A

NAKED, icosahedral

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12
Q

norovirus epidemiology

A

*most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans
*12-48 hour incubation period
*most prevalent in the WINTER

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13
Q

norovirus transmission

A

fecal-oral
person-to-person
contaminated surfaces

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14
Q

norovirus clinical course

A

nausea
vomiting
watery diarrhea
abdominal pain
lethargy
myalgias
weakness
fever

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15
Q

norovirus common question

A

CRUISE SHIP outbreaks of GI illness

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16
Q

norovirus testing

A

PCR of stool

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17
Q

hepatitis A family

A

picornavirus

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18
Q

hepatitis A structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

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19
Q

hepatitis A structure

A

NAKED, icosahedral, small

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20
Q

hepatitis A epidemiology

A

*2-6 week incubation period
*shellfish, travelers, daycare

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21
Q

hepatitis A transmission

A

FECAL-ORAL

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22
Q

hepatitis A clinical course

A

*JAUNDICE (esp eyes)
*fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*dark urine
*s/s can last 2-6 months

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23
Q

does hep A have a chronic carrier state

A

NO

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24
Q

hep A testing

A

antibody test

25
Q

hep A vaccine

A

INACTIVATED hep A vaccine in US for 1 year old children

26
Q

hepatitis E family

A

hepevirus

27
Q

hepatitis E structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

28
Q

hepatitis E structure

A

NAKED, icosahedral, small

29
Q

hep E epidemiology

A

*3-8 week incubation period
*outbreaks after HEAVY RAIN / MONSOONS
*domestic animal reservoir
*widespread in Asia/Africa

30
Q

hep E transmission

A

FECAL-ORAL (waterborne)
also, foodborne

31
Q

hep E clinical course

A

*JAUNDICE
*fever, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*dark urine

32
Q

hep E complication during pregnancy

A

fulminant liver failure in pregnant women (esp 3rd trimester; 20% mortality rate)

33
Q

hepatitis B family

A

hepadnavirus

34
Q

hepatitis B structure - nucleic acid

A

DNA, circular and partly double-stranded

35
Q

hepatitis B structure

A

enveloped, icosahedral

36
Q

hep B replication

A

*DANE PARTICLES (infectious virions)
*replicate in hepatocytes
*pararetrovirus - uses reverse transcriptase for replication but is NOT a retrovirus

37
Q

hep B transmission

A

blood/body fluid exposure
*esp SEXUAL CONTACT

38
Q

hep B clinical course

A

*JAUNDICE
*fever, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*dark urine

39
Q

can hep B have a chronic carrier state

A

YES

40
Q

complications of hep B

A
  1. immune complex disorders (glomerulonephritis, vasculitis)
  2. cancer
41
Q

hep B testing

A

antibody tests to various Hep B proteins

42
Q

hep B treatment

A

nucleoside/nucleotide analog anti-viral drugs (ex. tenofivir)

43
Q

hep B vaccine

A

recombinant hep B surface antigen (HBsAg) at birth + series

44
Q

hepatitis C family

A

flavivirus

45
Q

hep C structure - nucleic acid

A

ss(+) RNA, linear

46
Q

hep C structure

A

enveloped, icosahedral

47
Q

hep C transmission

A

blood-borne: IV DRUG USE and NEEDLE STICK injuries

48
Q

hep C clinical course

A

*fever, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*jaundice actually NOT COMMON

49
Q

can hep C have a chronic carrier state

A

YES

50
Q

complication of hep C

A

cirrhosis

51
Q

hep C testing

A

antibody tests
PCR of blood
liver biopsy

52
Q

hep C treatment

A

direct-acting drugs (antivirals)

53
Q

hep C vaccine

A

NONE

54
Q

hep D overview

A

*can ONLY be in patients with hep B
*makes hep B worse
*can increase chances of cancer

55
Q

hep B testing: susceptible to Hep B, no prior immunity

A

ALL viral products AND ALL antibodies NEGATIVE

56
Q

hep B testing: immune to Hep B because of vaccination

A

*all viral products NEGATIVE
*HBsAb: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE

57
Q

hep B testing: immune to Hep B because of natural infection and recovery

A

*all viral products NEGATIVE
*HbsAb: POSITIVE
*anti-HBcAb: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE

58
Q

hep B testing: acute infections

A

*ALL viral products POSITIVE
*HBcAb IgM: POSTIVE
**anti-HBcAb: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE

59
Q

hep B testing: chronic infection

A

*all viral products positive except for HBeAg
*anti-HBcAb: POSITIVE
*HBcAb IgG: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE

MAD Exam 3 (28 decks)

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