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MAD Exam 3 > Herpesvirus Biology > Flashcards

Herpesvirus Biology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 alpha herpes viruses

A

latent cell = NEURONS
1. herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1)
2. herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2)
3. varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

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2
Q

what are the 3 beta herpes viruses

A

latent cell = LYMPHOCYTES
1. cytomegalovirus (CMV)
2. human herpesvirus 6
3. human herpesvirus 7

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3
Q

what are the 2 gamma herpes viruses

A

*cause CANCER
1. epstein-barre virus
2. Kaposi’s sarcoma (associated with HHV-8)

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4
Q

herpesvirus structure - nucleic acid

A

dsDNA

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4
Q

herpesvirus structure - capsid

A

icosahedral + envelope

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5
Q

important enzyme made by herpes viruses

A

thymidine kinase (they make their own)

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6
Q

ALL herpes viruses establish what kind of infections?

A

lytic AND latent

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7
Q

what is responsible for maintaining latency of herpes viruses

A

cellular immunity (T cells)

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8
Q

what are the latent cells for HSV 1/2 ?

A

SENSORY neurons

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9
Q

what are the latent cells for varicella-zoster virus (VZV / HHV-3) ?

A

dorsal root ganglia of sensory nerves

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10
Q

what are factors that govern reactivation of latent alpha herpes virus infections

A

*IMMUNE SUPPRESSION
-UV-B radiation
-hyperthermia
-emotional stress
-physical stress
-menstruation

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11
Q

transmission of HSV 1/2

A

-close personal contact (kissing, sexual contact)
-vertical (TORCH infection)

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12
Q

clinical course of HSV 1

A

gingivostomatitis/cold sores
**latent in TRIGEMINAL ganglion
*can also cause encephalitis with focal TEMPORAL lesions

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13
Q

clinical course of HSV 2

A

painful genital vesicles with fever/malaise
**latent in SACRAL nerve ganglia
*can also cause encephalitis with focal TEMPORAL lesions

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14
Q

testing for HSV 1/2

A

*genital/skin lesions: immunofluorescent staining or PCR (Tzanck smear of vesicle)
*encephalitis: PCR of CSF

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15
Q

treatment for HSV 1/2

A

ACYCLOVIR (oral prodrug = valacyclovir)

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16
Q

how does acyclovir work to treat HSV 1/2

A

*in the virally infected cells, the VIRAL thymidine kinase converts acyclovir into a “false nucleotide” to BLOCK DNA synthesis (inducing chain termination)
*cellular thymidine kinase won’t do this

17
Q

which nucleoside is acyclovir an analog for

A

guanosine

18
Q

transmission of VZV (varicella-zoster virus)

A

*respiratory droplets from patients with chicken pox
*contact with lesions from patients with shingles

19
Q

clinical course of VZV: chicken pox

A

*ASYNCHRONOUS vesicular rash (lesions in different stages)
*fever
*pharyngitis
*malaise
*rhinitis

20
Q

clinical course of VZV: shingles

A

*REACTIVATION of latent VZV
*pain/vesicles in a DERMATOMAL DISTRIBUTION

21
Q

treatment for VZV

A

ACYLOVIR (oral drug = valacyclovir)

22
Q

vaccine for VZV (for children)

A

Varivax: LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE

23
Q

vaccine for VZV (for adults 50+)

A

Shingrix: SUBUNIT VACCINE

24
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV) appearance upon biopsy

A

“owl eye” inclusions in infected cells

25
Q

latent cells for cytomegalovirus (CMV / HHV-5)

A

mononuclear cells

26
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission

A

-saliva, sexual, parenteral
-in utero (vertical transmission)

27
Q

what cells are infected by CMV

A

salivary gland epithelial cells
(LATENT in mononuclear cells though)

28
Q

clinical course of cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

*mononucleosis but heterophile (monospot) negative
*“blueberry muffin” babies if congenital
*in immunocompromised pts, can cause retinitis, interstitial pneumonitis, GI disease

29
Q

testing for CMV

A

PCR of blood
urine test in babies

30
Q

treatment for CMV

A

GANCYCLOVIR (oral prodrug = valgancyclovir)

31
Q

latent cells for HHV 6/7

A

mononuclear cells

32
Q

clinical course for HHV 6/7

A

ROSEOLA: fever for 5 days FOLLOWED BY lacy body rash
*high fever can cause seizures (febrile seizures)

33
Q

treatment for HHV 6/7 (roseola)

A

supportive care only

34
Q

entry for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

A

binds receptor CD21 (complement receptor 2)

35
Q

latent cells for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

A

B cells

36
Q

transmission of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

A

respiratory secretions and saliva (“kissing disease”)

37
Q

clinical course for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (immune COMPETENT patient)

A

mononucleosis (heterophile test +):
-fatigue
-fever
-sore throat
-lymphadenopathy
-splenomegaly

38
Q

clinical course for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (reactivation / cancer)

A

-lymphoma (endemic Burkitt)
-nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Asian adults especially)

39
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) testing

A

*antibody test or serology is best
*monospot (heterophile) test is easiest
*EBV blood PCR

40
Q

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8) latent cells

A

B cells and glandular epithelial cells

41
Q

Kaposi sarcoma clinical course

A

-neoplasm of endothelial cells
-seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients
-dark/violaceous plaques or nodules

MAD Exam 3 (28 decks)

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