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MAD Exam 3 > Neuro Viruses > Flashcards

Neuro Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

polyomavirus family members

A

JC and BK

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2
Q

JC structure - nucleic acid

A

dsDNA, circular

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3
Q

JC and BK epidemiology

A

primarily causes disease in the IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

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4
Q

JC transmission

A

respiratory

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5
Q

JC clinical course

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy:
-transplant/AIDS patients
-progressive deterioration in mental function due to inflamed or destroyed OLIGODENDROCYTES
-clumsiness, progressive weakness, changes in vision, speech, and personality

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6
Q

JC infects what cells ?

A

oligodendrocytes (causing demyelination)

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7
Q

BK infects what organs

A

KIDNEYS

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8
Q

BK clinical course

A

-nephropathy and kidney/urinary tract issues
-hemorrhagic cystitis
*classically seen in RENAL TRANSPLANT recipients

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9
Q

picornavirus family members (for neuro disease)

A

polio

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10
Q

polio structure - nucleic acid

A

*ss (+) RNA, linear, non-segmented

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11
Q

polio structure

A

NAKED, icosahedral, small (“pico”)

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12
Q

polio receptor

A

CD155

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13
Q

polio epidemiology clues

A

Afghanistan or Pakistan

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14
Q

polio transmission

A

fecal-oral

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15
Q

polio clinical course

A

-fever
-aseptic meningitis
*paralytic polio: FLACCID, asymmetric PARALYSIS, no sensory loss
-often asymptomatic though

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16
Q

what does the polio virus target

A

ANTERIOR HORN MOTOR NEURONS

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17
Q

polio testing

A

antibody tests

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18
Q

polio vaccines

A
  1. killed vaccine (Salk; used in the US)
  2. live vaccine (Sabin)
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19
Q

flavivirus family members

A

-Yellow Fever
-Dengue
-Zika
-West Nile
-St. Louis Encephalitis
-Japanese Encephalitis
-Hep C

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20
Q

West Nile reservoir and vector

A

reservoir = birds
vector = mosquitos

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21
Q

flavivirus structure - nucleic acid

A

*ss (+) RNA, linear

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22
Q

flavivirus structure

A

enveloped, icosahedral

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23
Q

West Nile clinical course

A
  1. West Nile Fever: fever, headache, myalgias, rash, stiff neck (meningitis)
  2. Summer Encephalitis: disorientation/confusion, stupor/coma, tremors, seizures, WEAKNESS or partial flaccid paralysis
24
Q

West Nile testing

A

antibody test & CSF PCR

25
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis reservoir and vector

A

reservoir = birds
vector = mosquitos

26
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis clinical course

A
  1. mild illness (most infections)
  2. meningitis: fever, headache, neck stiffness
  3. Summer Encephalitis: disorientation/confusion, stupor/coma, tremors, seizures, SPASTIC PARALYSIS
27
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis epidemiology

A

can be year-round in the southern US

28
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis testing

A

antibody test, CSF PCR

29
Q

Japanese Encephalitis reservoir and vector

A

reservoir = birds and pigs
vector = mosquitos

30
Q

Japanese Encephalitis epidemiology

A

*South, East, and Southeast Asia predominantly

31
Q

Japanese Encephalitis clinical course

A
  1. asymptomatic or mild illness (most infections)
  2. meningitis: fever, headache, stiff neck
  3. Summer encephalitis: disorientation/confusion, stupor/coma, tremors, seizures, SPASTIC PARALYSIS
32
Q

Japanese Encephalitis mortality rate

A

very HIGH mortality rate if it progresses to encephalitis

33
Q

Japanese Encephalitis testing

A

antibody test

34
Q

Japanese Encephalitis vaccine

A

live attenuated AND inactivated vaccines available

35
Q

Alphavirus family members

A

Eastern (and western) Equine Encephalitis, Chikungunya

36
Q

Alphavirus structure - nucleic acid

A

*ss(+) RNA, linear

37
Q

Alphavirus structure

A

enveloped, icosahedral

38
Q

Alphavirus transmission

A

mosquitos for EEE and WEE
RODENTS for chikungunya

39
Q

Eastern Equine Encephalitis clinical course

A

severe encephalitis

40
Q

Chikungunya clinical course

A

JOINT PAIN, fever, rash

41
Q

La Crosse & California encephalitis structure - nucleic acid

A

*ss (-) RNA, 3 SEGMENTS

42
Q

La Crosse & California encephalitis transmission

43
Q

La Crosse & California encephalitis clinical course

A
  1. mild illness (most cases)
  2. meningitis: fever, headache, neck stiffness
  3. Summer Encephalitis: disorientation/confusion, stupor/coma, tremors, seizures, paralysis
44
Q

rabies structure - nucleic acid

A

*ss(-) RNA, linear, non-segmented

45
Q

rabies structure

A

enveloped, HELICAL nucleocapsid
**BULLET-SHAPED

46
Q

rabies receptor

A

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR)

47
Q

how does rabies virus travel

A

by RETROGRADE EXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT to DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA

48
Q

rabies transmission

A

bite or contact with an infected animal (bats in the US; dogs in other countries)

49
Q

rabies clinical course

A

-flu like illness initially
-HYDROPHOBIA
-seizures
-disorientation
-HALLUCINATIONS
-HYPERSALIVATION

50
Q

rabies testing

A

Negri bodies on pathology of brain biopsy (post-mortem)

51
Q

rabies treatment

A

supportive

52
Q

rabies vaccines

A

*KILLED VIRUS VACCINE
*after bite, give 1 dose of human rabies immunoglobulin and 4-dose series of rabies (killed virus) vaccine

53
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis transmission

A

RODENTS (mice, pet hamsters, etc)

54
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis clinical course (acquired)

A

2 phase disease:
*starts with fever, headache, malaise, sore throat
*then, patient GETS BETTER
*then, ASEPTIC MENINGITIS

55
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis clinical course: CONGENITAL LCMV

A

spontaneous abortions, brain abnormalities, optic abnormalities, neuro deficits

56
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis testing

A

antibody test; CSF PCR

MAD Exam 3 (28 decks)

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