Immunotherapeutics Flashcards
corticosteroids as immunosuppressants - mechanism of action
*inhibit inflammation; inhibit many targets, including cytokine production by macrophages
**via NF-kappa B, inhibit the synthesis of HLA antigens, cytokines, and adhesion molecules
azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate as immunosuppressants - mechanism of action
antimetabolites that inhibit proliferation of lymphocytes by INTERFERING WITH DNA SYNTHESIS
cyclosporin A and tacrolimus as immunosuppressants - mechanism of action
CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS that inhibit activation of NFAT, blocking IL-2 production and proliferation of T cells
rapamycin (sirolimus) as immunosuppressants - mechanism of action
blocks mTOR pathway to prevent proliferation of T cells (“growth inhibitor”)
-omab (monoclonal antibody)
FULLY MOUSE
-ximab (monoclonal antibody)
CHIMERIC (variable region = mouse; rest = human)
-zumab (monoclonal antibody)
HUMANIZED (just the antigen-contact regions [CDR regions] are mouse)
-umab (monoclonal antibody)
FULLY HUMAN
3 types of cellular-based therapies for immunology
1) hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT; bone marrow transplant)
2) regulatory T cell transfer
3) CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) transfer
what are bone marrow transplants (HSCTs) used to treat
1) any single-mutation diseases in the blood
*examples = Sickle-cell, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, etc
2) malignant diseases (such as leukemia)
regulatory T cell transfer
beneficial for suppressing immune response by secreting IL-10 and TGF-beta
*problem = must expand them
CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) transfer
*take all of your T cells, activate them so that they are proliferating, transduce them with a retrovirus to put in chimeric antigen receptor
*result = recognize and bind tumor antigen to kill tumor cell by inducing cytokine production from T cell
*the protein has a head, a membrane domain, and other domains to activate T cell receptor signaling
