Antiparasitics

Question 1

antimalarial: chloroquine - MOA

Answer 1

inhibits heme polymerase, allowing buildup of hemoglobin products, which is toxic against the organism

Question 2

antimalarial: chloroquine - mechanism of resistance

Answer 2

drug efflux

Question 3

antimalarial: chloroquine - stages that it is active against

Answer 3

ERYTHOCYTIC states (non-liver stages) of falciparum, vivax, and ovale

Question 4

antimalarial: chloroquine - benefits

Answer 4

*given orally
*bioavailable
*long half-life (given weekly for prophylaxis)

Question 5

antimalarial: mefloquine - stages it is active against

Answer 5

ERYTHROCYTIC STAGES (not liver phases)

Question 6

antimalarial: mefloquine - benefits

Answer 6

active against all plasmodium, even resistant falciparum

Question 7

antimalarial: mefloquine - adverse effects

Answer 7

*nausea/vomiting
*vivid dreams
*rare CNS stimulation

Question 8

antimalarial: atovaquone/proguanil - active against what stages

Answer 8

active against both erythrocytic AND LIVER phase schizonts

Question 9

antimalarial: quinine

Answer 9

*only active against erythrocytic stages
*rapidly cidal (only for tx, not prevention)

Question 10

antimalarials: artemether

Answer 10

*works on erythrocytic stages
*binds IRON, breaking down peroxide bridges, leading to generation of free radicals that damage parasite proteins
*most effective

Question 11

antimalarials: ACT

Answer 11

using artemether with another drug to decrease resistance

Question 12

antimalarials: primaquine

Answer 12

*active against liver stages, INCLUDING HYPNOZOITE and schizont
*thus, used for terminal prophylaxis of vivax and ovale (to prevent relapse)

Question 13

which antimalarial is effective against the hypnozoite and is given as terminal prophylaxis

Answer 13

primaquine

Question 14

how long should you take an anti-malarial prophylactically after return from endemic area

Answer 14

28 days