Resp Flashcards
When is NIV (BiPAP) considered in an acute exacerbation of COPD?
When respiratory acidosis (PaCO2>6kPa, pH <7.35 ≥7.26) persists despite immediate maximum standard medical treatment
What is the immediate management of a tension pneumothorax in an acute setting?
Needle decompression
What are characteristics of ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome)?
bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxaemia
What differentiates life-threatening and near-fatal in an acute asthma attack?
- life-threatening = confused + norma pCO2
- Near - fatal = confused + HIGH pCO2
What cancer causes “cannonball metastases” to the lungs?
Renal cell carcinoma
What are signs of kartagener’s syndrome?
- dextrocardia or complete situs inversus
- bronchiectasis
- recurrent sinusitis
- subfertility (secondary to diminished sperm
motility and defective ciliary action in the fallopian tubes)
When would you aim for a O2 stat of 94-98% in a COPD patient?
When their ABG shows. normal bicarb + CO2 as it suggests that they are not normally CO2 retainers
What is Ipratopium
SAMA
What is tiotropium?
LAMA
What is formoterol?
LABA
What warrants an ABG in an asthma exacerbation?
oxygen sats < 92%
What are signs of an acute severe asthma exacerbation?
- PEFR 33-50% best or predicted
- inability to complete full sentences
- RR >25/min
- pulse >110 bpm
What is management for life-threatening asthma exacerbation?
call intensive care to intubate
NIV is NOT done in asthma
When a COPD pateint is on SAMA and it is not affective, what should be done?
Discontinue SAMA, switch to SABA + LAMA + LABA
What hormone does squamous cell carcinoma release?
parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rp), causing hypercalcaemia and TSH causing hyperthyroidism.
