Haematology Flashcards
Is CLL associated with warm or cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?
Warm
What is the reversal agent for dabigatran?
Idarucizumab
What is management for Von Willebrand’s disease?
Desmopressin
What are the bloods of someone with alcoholic liver disease?
Microcytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia
What is the transfusion rate/time for a unit of RBC in a non-urgent scenario?
Over 90-120 minutes
What are symptoms of acute chest syndrome?
dyspnoea, chest pain, cough, hypoxia and new pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest x-ray
What is the platelet transfusion threshold for patients not bleeding or having an invasive procedure?
10
What is the platelet transfusion threshold for patients actively bleeding?
30
What is given for prophylaxis against tumour lysis syndrome?
Allopurinol + IV fluids
What would you see in a blood film of someone with hyposplenism?
Howell-Jolly bodies and siderocytes
What are symptoms of Transfusion Associated Circularory Overload (TACO)?
Hypertension, raised jugular venous pulse, afebrile, S3 present.
What are symptoms of Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)?
Hypotension, pyrexia, normal/unchanged JVP
What is treatment of TACO?
Slow or stop transfusion
Consider intravenous loop diuretic (e.g. furosemide) and oxygen
What is treatment of TRALI?
Stop the transfusion
Oxygen and supportive care
What are signs of acute haemolytic reaction?
Fever, abdominal pain, hypotension
(ABO-incompatible blood e.g. secondary to human error)
What is the treatment of acute haemolytic reaction?
- Stop transfusion
- Supportive care (fluid resus)
What are the signs of Non-haemolytic febrile reaction?
Fever, chills
What is the treatment of non- haemolytic febrile reaction?
Slow or stop the transfusion
Paracetamol
Monitor
What are the signs of Minor allergic reaction?
Pruritus, urticaria
What is the treatment of Minor allergic reaction?
Temporarily stop the transfusion
Antihistamine
Monitor
What are the signs of Anaphylaxis?
Hypotension, dyspnoea, wheezing, angioedema
What is the treatment of anaphylaxis?
Stop the transfusion
IM adrenaline
ABC support
oxygen
fluids
What are signs of a poor prognosis in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
‘B’ symptoms in Hodgkin’s lymphoma are associated with a poor prognosis
weight loss > 10% in last 6 months
fever > 38ºC
night sweats
In myeloma with metastasis, what are the blood test seen in this disease?
Hypercalcaemia, normal / high phosphate, normal ALP
Why are NSAIDs avoided in multiple myeloma?
Can cause renal failure
What are the blood results of beta-thalassaemia trait?
Microcytic anaemia + raised HbA2
Usually asymptomatic
What virus can cause neutropenia?
EBV
What is the MOA of dabigatran?
Direct thrombin inhibitor
What is used to prevent exacerbations of sickle cell anaemia?
Hydroxyurea
