Breast Flashcards

1
Q

A patient got episodic breast pain after giving birth, months before her pregnancy and a week before her menstruation. What is the diagnosis?

A

Cyclical mastalgia

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2
Q

A patient has a hormone positive breast cancer with no mets, what is the treatment plan?

A
  1. local exicision
    then
  2. Whole breast radiotherapy to reduce risk of reaccurance
  3. then hormone therapy (as +ve) again to reduce risk
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3
Q

If a patient has palpable lymph nodes and ultrasound is positive, what is next step in treatment?

A

Perform axillary lymph node clearance

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4
Q

If they find no lymph node involvement in the ultrasound in breast cancer, what procedure should be done next and why?

A
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)
  • the ultrasound only indicates the presence of mets however it does not detect any abnormal lymph nodes or rule out microscopic metastases.
  • The SLNB is to provide an accurate assessment of mets
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5
Q

Patient has breast cancer and ultrasound confirms axillary node involvement, what are the 2 options for the patient?

A
  1. surgery to remove the lymph nodes
  2. Axillary radiotherapy
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6
Q

What are features of a breast abscess?

A
  • fever and a tender, fluctuant mass on the affected breast
  • Maybe systemically unwell
  • Painful
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7
Q

What does a ‘snowstorm’ indicate?

A

Implant rupture

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8
Q

What is a complication of axillary node clearance?

A

arm lymphedema and functional arm impairment

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9
Q

What is a complication of mastitis + treatment?

A
  • Breast abscess
  • Incision + drainage
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10
Q

What is a side effect of aromatase inhibitors?

A

osteoprosis

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11
Q

What is a side effect of tamoxifen?

A

venous thromboembolism

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12
Q

What is a side effect trastuzumab?

A

cardiotoxic

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13
Q

What is first and second (only 2) treatment of mastitis?

A

Continue breastfeeding + (analgesia, warm compressions)
If no improvement after 12-24h then oral flucloxacillin for 10-14 days
Most caustive organism Staphylococcus aureus

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14
Q

What is the first most appropriate step in management of paget’s disease of the nipple?

A

Refer for a two week wait breast clinic appointment
cuz 50% of those with padget’s have cancer

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15
Q

What is the traid for intraductal papilloma?

A
  • Commoner in younger patients
  • May cause blood stained discharge
  • There is usually no palpable lump -> a benign tumour of fibrovascular tissue that develops within the lactic ducts therefore can’t feel
  • Can be painful and grow
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16
Q

What is the traid for mammary duct ectasia?

A

Dilatation breast ducts.
Most common in menopausal women
Discharge typically thick and green in colour
Most common in smokers

17
Q

What type of breast cancer are Aromatase inhibitors used for and give 2 exmaples?

A

Oestrogen-sensitive breast cancers in post-menopausal
Letrozole + Anastrozole

18
Q

What type of breast cancer are Receptor modulators used for and give 1 example?

A

Oestrogen-sensitive breast cancers in pre-menapausal women
Tamoxifen

19
Q

What warrants an urgent referral to breast clinic?

A

Refer women aged >30 with an unexplained breast lump using a suspected cancer pathway referral

20
Q

What would warrant a routine referral to breast clinic?

A

<30 y
unexplained breast lump
with or without pain
NOT URGENT

21
Q

When would you use ultrasound instead of a mammogram to check for breast cancer?

A

<35 Y use ultrasound due to denser breast tissue

22
Q

When do you remove a fibroadenoma?

A

> 3 cm