Resp

Question 1

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 1

Salbutamol, terbutaline (short-acting), Salmeterol, formoterol (long-acting)

MoA - Dilates bronchial smooth muscle

Indications - asthma, reversible airways obstruction

Adverse effects - tachycardia, tremor

Interactions - Diuretics

Question 2

Antimuscarinics

Answer 2

Ipratropium (short-acting) Tiotropium (long-acting)

MoA - Blocks muscarinic receptors to promote bronchial dilation

Indication - acute asthma, bronchospasm in COPD

Adverse effects - dry mouth, constipation

Question 3

Methylxanthines

Answer 3

Theophylline, aminophylline

MoA - Bronchodilator, increases cAMP in smooth muscle

Indications - Acute asthma, reversible airways obstruction

Adverse effects - headache, nausea

Interactions - antidepressants, salbutamol

Question 4

Glucocorticoids

Answer 4

Beclomethasone, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Fluticasone

MoA - Reduction of inflammation and mucus production

Indications - Asthma, allergic rhinitis

Adverse effects - cough

Interactions - aspirin

Question 5

Leukotriene antagonists

Answer 5

Montelukast, zafirlukast

MoA - Blockade of leukotriene receptors

Indications - asthma, allergic rhinitis

Adverse effects - abdo pain

Interactions - phenobarbital

Question 6

Mucolytic

Answer 6

Dornase alfa

MoA - Synthetic DNAse 1 – breakdown of extracellular DNA to reduce sputum viscosity

Indication - cystic fibrosis