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Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

levodopa (L-dopa)

A

Dopamine precursor

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2
Q

Pramiprexole

A

Dopamine receptor agonist (synthetic)

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3
Q

Ropinirole

A

Dopamine receptor agonist (synthetic)

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4
Q

Rotigotine

A

Dopamine receptor agonist (synthetic)

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5
Q

Carbidopa

A

Dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor

Stops breakdown of levodopa in the periphery by inhibiting dopa-decarboxylase

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6
Q

Benserazide

A

Dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor

Stops breakdown of levodopa in the periphery by inhibiting dopa-decarboxylase

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7
Q

Entacapone

A

COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) Inhibitor

Stops breakdown of DA in CNS by inhibition of COMT

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8
Q

Tolcapone

A

COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) Inhibitor

Stops breakdown of DA in CNS by inhibition of COMT

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9
Q

Rasagiline

A

MAOB (monoamine oxidase, B form) Inhibitor

Stops breakdown of DA in CNS by inhibition of MAOIB

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10
Q

Selegiline

A

MAOB (monoamine oxidase, B form) Inhibitor

Stops breakdown of DA in CNS by inhibition of MAOIB

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11
Q

Orphenadrine

A

Anticholinergic

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

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12
Q

Procyclidine

A

Anticholinergic

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

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13
Q

Trihexphenidyl

A

Anticholinergic

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

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14
Q

Amantadine

A

Anti-Parkinson

Antiviral. Glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, dopamine agonist

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15
Q

Tetrabenzine

A

Dopamine-depleting drugs

Blocks VMAT, preventing uptake of DA into vesicles

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16
Q

Paracetamol

A

Weak analgesic/antipyretic

Non-selective COX inhibitor (CNS)

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17
Q

Give 4 examples of NSAIDs and their mechanism

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen

Non-selective COX inhibitor

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18
Q

Celecoxib

A

COX2-selective inhibitor (NSAID)

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19
Q

Etoricoxib

A

COX2-selective inhibitor (NSAID)

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20
Q

Codeine

A

Weak opioid analgesic

Opioid receptor agonist

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21
Q

Dihydrocodeine

A

Opioid receptor agonist

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22
Q

Morphine

A

Strong opioid analgesic

Opioid receptor agonist

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23
Q

Diamorphine

A

Strong opioid analgesic

Opioid receptor agonist

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24
Q

Buprenorphine

A

partial/mixed agonist-antagonist opioid analgesics
Used in the management of opioid addiction

Opioid receptor agonist (μ)/antagonist (κ)

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25
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid receptor antagonist

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26
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid receptor antagonist

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27
Q

Tramadol

A

Opioid receptor agonist and serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

28
Q

Methadone

A

Used in the management of opioid addiction

Opioid receptor agonist

29
Q

Gabapentin

A

Anti-epileptic drug but also used to treat neuropathic pain

Inhibits VDCC, increases GABA transmission

30
Q

Pregabalin

A

Anti-epileptic drug but also used to treat neuropathic pain

Inhibits VDCC

31
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Anti-epileptic drug but also used to treat neuropathic pain

Sodium channel blocker

32
Q

Name 4 tricyclic antidepressants and their mechanism

A

amitriptyline
nortriptyline
imipramine
clomipramine

SRI, NRI, H1 antagonist, M1 antagonist, Adrenergic antagonist

33
Q

Sertraline

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Inhibits serotonin (5HT) reuptake pump

34
Q

Citalopram

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Inhibits serotonin (5HT) reuptake pump

35
Q

Moclobemide

A

Monoamine (A) oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Stops breakdown of monoamines in CNS. Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA)

36
Q

Reboxetine

A

Atypical antidepressant

NRI

37
Q

Bupropion

A

Atypical antidepressant

NDRI

38
Q

Agomelatine

A

Atypical antidepressant

Melatonin agonist

39
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Atypical antidepressant

SNRI

40
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical antidepressant

α2-Adrenergic antagonist

41
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiolytic adjunct

5HT1a partial agonist

42
Q

Name two 1st generation antipsychotics and their mechanism

A

chlorpromazine
haloperidol

Selective dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist

43
Q

Name three 2nd generation antipsychotics and their mechanism

A

amisulpride
risperidone
clozapine

Serotonin (5HT2A) and dopamine (D2) antagonists

44
Q

Aripiprazole

A

3rd generation antipsychotic

Partial agonist at 5HT and DA receptors

45
Q

Zolpidem (‘Z-drug’)

A

Muscle relaxants/sedatives/anxiolytic-hypnotic

GABA PAM (mechanistically identical to BDZ)

46
Q

Temazepam

A

BDZ

GABA PAM

47
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

α2-adrenergic receptor agonist

48
Q

Alfentanil

A

Opioid receptor agonist (short-acting)

49
Q

Fentanil

A

Opioid receptor agonist (short-acting)

50
Q

Remifentanil

A

Opioid receptor agonist (short-acting)

51
Q

Propranolol

A

Symptom reduction (autonomic)

β-blocker

52
Q

Sodium valproate

A

AED

Sodium channel blocker

53
Q

Lamotrigine

A

AED

Sodium channel blocker

54
Q

Ethosuximide

A

AED

Calcium channel blocker (t-type)

55
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Sodium channel blocker

56
Q

Name 3 benzodiazepines and their mechanism

A

Midazolam, lorazepam and diazepam

GABA PAM (γ-subunit)

57
Q

Flumazenil

A

BDZ competitive antagonist

58
Q

Name 3 barbiturates and their mechanism

A

Phenobarbitone, pentobarbitone and primidone

GABA PAM (β-subunit)

59
Q

Vigabatrin

A

Adjunct for epilepsy

Inhibits GABA breakdown by GABA transaminase

60
Q

Tiagabin

A

Adjunct for epilepsy

GABA reuptake inhibitor

61
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Adjunct for epilepsy

Unclear MoA

62
Q

Name three anticholinesterases

A

Donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine

Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (reversible)

63
Q

Memantine

A

Glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonists

VD blocker of NMDA receptors (NMDA NAM)

64
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Antimicrobial drug

Inhibits synthesis of cell walls in bacteria

65
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Antimicrobial drug

Induces cell lysis by blocking last stages of cell wall synthesis

66
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid

Glucocorticoid receptor agonist

Drugs list (24 decks)

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