Genito-urinary system Flashcards
Oral combination pill contraceptives
Desogestrel and ethinyl-estradiol
MoA - Mimics ovulation, reduces LH and FSH
Indications - Hormonal contraception, PCOS
Adverse effects - weight gain, depression, DVT risk
Oral mini-pill contraceptives
Desogestrel
Levonogestrel (emergency)
MoA - mimics ovulation, reduces LH and FSH, endometrial changes
Indications - Hormonal contraception
Adverse effects - depression
Implants/injectable contraceptives
Etonogestrel (subcutaneous implant)
MoA - mimics ovulation, reduces LH and FSH
Indications - Hormonal contraception
Adverse effects - Weight gain, depression
HRT
Estradiol, norestherhisterone, medroxyprogesterone
MoA - restores decreased hormone level and function
Indications - menopause
Adverse effects - weight gain, depression
Induction of labour
Dinoprostone
MoA - prostaglandin E2 - stimulates cervical ripening
Indications - Delay in labour
Oxytocin
MoA - stimulation of uterine contraction
Indications - Delay in labour
Adverse effects - nausea, arrhythmia
Antiprogesterone/prostaglandin for medical termination
Mifepristone with misoprostol
MoA - Steroidal antiprogestogen in combination with synthetic prostaglandin
Indication - Termination of pregnancy
Adverse effects - GI cramps, uterine contractions, vaginal bleeding
Antifibrinolytic for menorrhagia
Tranexamic acid
MoA - Inhibits fibrin clot breakdown by plasmin
Indications - Menorrhagia
Adverse effects - Nausea
NSAID for dysmenorrhoea
Mefenamic acid
MoA - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Indications - Dysmenorrhoea
Adverse effects - GI bleeding
Tamsulosin
Alpha-1 blocker
MoA - Smooth muscle relaxant acting on bladder neck
Indications - BPH, urinary retention
Adverse effects - dizziness
Interactions - Hypotensive drugs
Oxybutynin
Urinary antispasmodic (antimuscarinic)
MoA - Blockade of acetylcholine receptors leading to bladder smooth muscle relaxation
Indications - Overactive bladder
Adverse effects - Dry mouth, tachycardia (preceded by transient bradycardia)
Mirabegron
Beta-3-agonist
MoA - Stimulation of beta-3 adrenergic receptors, leading to detrusor smooth muscle relaxation
Indications - Overactive bladder
Adverse effects - Bladder pain
Finasteride
Anti-androgens
MoA - Inhibition of synthesis of dihydrotestosterone
Indications - Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Adverse effects - Impotence
Magnesium (as magnesium sulphate)
Essential nutrient
MoA - Unclear – possible modulation of Na+ and Ca2+ in blood flow and muscle contractility
Indications - Reduce risk of fetal growth restriction and cerebral palsy
