Diuretics

Question 1

Loop diuretics

Answer 1

Furosemide

MoA - Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle

Indication - Left ventricular heart failure, oedema

Adverse effects - nausea, dizziness

Interactions - NSAIDs, ACEi

Question 2

Thiazides

Answer 2

Indapamide, Bendroflumethiazide,
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide

MoA - Decreases sodium and chloride reabsorption

Indication - Hypertension

Adverse effects - Electrolyte imbalance, exacerbation or precipitation of gout

Interactions - NSAIDs, digoxin

Question 3

Potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 3

Spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride

MoA - Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade (spironolactone, epleronone)
Blockade of sodium reabsorption via ENaC channel (amiloride)

Indication - oedema, congestive heart failure

Adverse effects - GI

Interactions - NSAIDs, ACEi

Question 4

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 4

Mannitol

MoA - Elevates plasma osmolarity

Indications - cerebral oedema, intra-ocular pressure

Adverse effects - hypotension

Question 5

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 5

Acetazolamide

MoA - Reduces aqueous humour volume

Indication - Intra-ocular pressure - open & acute closed angle glaucoma

Adverse effects - Paraesthesia