resource management Flashcards
what does food security mean?
people have acsess to safe & nutritional food
give 4 reasons for the increasing food demand?
-increase of population
-economic development improves
-a wider variety food is avaliable
-80 million more people a year
-
how can technology impact food supplies?
-mechanization -improves effeciaccy
-not afforadable
-bio fuel
-transport and strorage improvements
how does climate impact food supplies?
–natural distaters destroy crops
-draught
-0.2 degress warmer each decade
-weather
how do pests and diseases can lead to food insecurity? (LICS)
- LIC ‘s have a hotter enviroment encouage more pests
- no money for pesticides
-catter can die from RIFT VALLEY FEVER
-worker can suffer form malaria
what is wtaer stress
less than 1700 cumes = water stress
what will happen in 2030 in terms of water stress?
- 50% of the world popualtion will live in areas of high water stress
-high poulation density
-industrilization
how can conflict lead to food insecurity
- crops and live stock destroyed
e.g russia targetted Ukrains crops and live stock(food production slowed)
how can poverty affect food supply?
-cycle of poverty
-low money cant afford food
-weal, malnourished/undernourished = un able to work = no money
what does under nutrition mean?
when smone doesnt eat a sufficent amount of calories
malnutrition
when people recieve in correct balance of nutrients
what does the term famine mean?
wide spread scarcity of food
what causes famine?
-rising food prices
-conflict and social unrest
-HICS can influenve a change in prices(higher cost)
-demand greater than supply
how can famine impact the econmy of a country?
-people arent working
-2011 60 riots in arab springs
-spending more money on food rather the economy
what are the 3 main causes of soil erosion?
-overgrazing from cattle (get rid of grass etc)
-over cultivating (soil becomes exposed nutrients arent replaced)
-deforestation
why is price of food increasing across the world?
-demand higher than supply
-costs of fertilisers-increase
-demand for meat increases
-storage and transport prices
what does cash crop mean
crop for commercial purposes
what is irrigation
the artifical watering of the land
—> can improve crop production by 100% to 400%
whats drip irrigation?
little pipes centrally controlled by computers
whats flood irrigation?
crops are planted in a natural/artifical lake
how can irrigation damge the enviroment
-soil becomes water logged
-run off w fertilises in lakes= eutrifucation, algae bloom
-salination
what is aeroponics
-plants in the air - greenhouse
whats hydroponics
-plants grown in water,pebbles.sand
2 aims of green revolution
sustainablity & protect water, soil etc
advantages of aeroponics - large scale
- seasonable produce all year
- excess water collected & reused
- no soil needed
- water efficiant
disadvantages of aeroponics
- limited space
- not available for LIC’s
- expecsive
- high energy prices
advantages of hydroponics
- plants grow faster
- use less water
- control speed of growth
- less space required
outline 2 stragies used to increase crop yields [during the New Green Revolution]?
- 2006 India harvested water to re use
- devolped GM seeds to withstand draught & disease
what does HYV stand for
high yeild varites
3 reasons for GM crops?
- prevent diseases = loss of crops
- increase crop yeild
- improved food security
give 3 reasons why ppl are worried abt GM crops
- worried abt impacts of health
- may be allergic
- cross contaminatio
why is appropiate technology is essential for sustianable food production?
- enables them to increase yield
- should run itself
ALMERIA - spain - why is this area sutibable for large scale production of salad crops?
- arid climate
- 3000 hours of sunlight
- flat land
- reliable
- coastal = easy to ship for trade
2 ecomonic impacts of the large scale of agricultire devoplment ALMERIA
- mutiplier effect = quetenary high paying jobs are created
- employment and job opps for locals = £1.5 billion a year
social impacts from ALMERIA thing
- infastructure = improved
- workers = poor conditions/low wages
3 enviroment impacts for Almeria thing?
- natural water sources drying up
- white plastic sheeting for greenhouses
- plastic thrown into sea
sucesses of ALMERIA - of large scale agriculrural development
- lots of job opps
- constructing, packing, shipping
- cheap work forces
- keeps food prices down
failures of Almeria agriculture development?
- enviromental costs are huge
- expensive
- poor conditions for migrant workers
- leaking fertilizers/pesticides = EUTRIFICATION
what does the term sustainable food production mean?
method that protects land & natural resources so food can be maintained for future generations
whats permaculture
producting food using methods that works w nature
whats organic farming
growing crops/livestock w out use of chemicals/pesticides/fungicides
why do ppl not buy organic food?
more expensive
whats urban farming
production of food around settlements - creation of gradens/allotments
3 reasons why urban farming is becoming more popular
- generates jobs
- attracts wildlife
- promotes healthy eating
why is intesive meat farming unstatianble give 2 reasons?
- large amount of energy used
- large amounts of waste need to be safetly removed w out polluting the enviroment
give 3 reasons why intensive fish farming is unstainable
- 7.7 billion kg of wildlife taken for sea / year
- trawling destroys sea beds
- salmon/prawn production = lead to water pollution form chemicals used
give 3 ways fish farming can become more sustainable
- return immature fish back to sea
- monitor fish breeding grounds
- use eco friendly fishing lines
name 1 enviromental benefit of eating more seasonable produce:
- reduces food miles and carbon footprint
why is so much food wated in the UK?
- theres a surplus of food
- throw food instead of freezing it
= average fam waste £700 on food/ year
what does food loos mean
the food watse before it reaches consumer
what does food waste mean
food thrown away after/by consumer
give 3 ways households can reduce foodwaste
- plan meals
- use leftoverss/freeze
- food store correctly[so it doesnt go off]
whats the LIC place that increases sustainable food
Jamalpur in Bangladesh
what is being done in Jamalpur to increase food supplies:
- rice/fish culture w help of charity Pratical action
- small fish introduced to paddy fields = natural fertilsers [from their shit]
- eat insects = reduce pests
- & circulate oxygen
how sucessful as rice-fish culture been in JAMALPUR?
- increased rice yields by 10%
- chemicals not needed = EN not harmed
- farmers sell a surplus = earn more income and feed families
