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development gap Flashcards

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1
Q

what does development of a country mean?

A

the progress of econmic growth, use of tech , quality of life and improved welfare

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2
Q

what’s the term for different levels of development in different countries?

A

-development gap
= LIC, NEE, HIC

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3
Q

what does GNI stand for?

A

gross national income

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4
Q

what is GNI and what does it measure?

A

TOTAL VALUE of goods and services produced by a country in a year
-measures WEALTH

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5
Q

give 2 disadvantages of using the mesure of GNI?

A

-an average = some may be really rich then others very poor/deprived
-doesnt account got informal economy

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6
Q

what is birth & death rate?

A
  • amount of live births/deaths per 1000 people ( a year)
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7
Q

what does birth/death rate measure?
what does it link to?

A
  • HEALTH CARE
    -demographic transition model (population growth)
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8
Q

cons abt birth and death rate?

A

-old data
-only gives an average
-variation within country

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9
Q

whats infant mortality rate?

A

-amount of child deaths under the age of 1 per 1000

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10
Q

name 1 pro and 2 cons of infant mortality rate?

A

PRO - measures healthcare
CON - variation & we dont cause of death

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11
Q

what does access to clean water measure?
what does it measure?

A

-percentage of people who can access clean water
-HEALTHCARE & basic infastructure

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12
Q

con of measure for acccess to clean water?

A

-difficult statistic to measure

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13
Q

what is the literacy rate?
-what does it measure?

A

percentage of adults who can read and write
-EDUCATION , INCOME AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

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14
Q

what is life expectnacy?

A

average age a person is expected to live to

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15
Q

what does life expectancy measure?

A

-health + mutiple factors of the country e.g enviroment

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16
Q

con of life expectancy?

A

-varaition
-some unknown factors

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17
Q

what is people per doctor ?

A

average number of people for each docter
(lower number indicates richer country)

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18
Q

pros & con of people per doctor measurement?

A

-indicates healthcare, money, QOL ect

-price of healthcare may be misleading

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19
Q

give 2 examples of LIC’S

A

somalia, uganda

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20
Q

give 2 e.gs of NEE’S

A

brazil, india (MUMBIA)

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21
Q

give 2 examples of HIC’s

A

UK, USA, candada

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22
Q

what does HDI stand for?

A

human development index

23
Q

how is HDI caculated?

A

combines different measures of development
= GNI per head(income), life exptancy & education level
—-> gives a number 0-1 (1 = most developed)

24
Q

what does the HDI number tell us?

A

countries level of economic development & quality of life

25
Q

what does DTM stand for?

A

demographic transition model

26
Q

what does the DTM tell you?

A

-shows us birth & death rates and how they affect the population growth

27
Q

what is natural increase?

A
  • higher birth rate than death rate
28
Q

give 4 physical factors for uneven development?

A

-poor climate
-poor farming land
-lots of natural diasters
-few raw materials

29
Q

how does bad climate affect development?

A

-too hot or too cold = crops cant grow
leading to MALNUTRITION
(low QOL)
-fewer crops = less money =for goverment less taxes =less deceloped services e.g healthcare

30
Q

how does bad farm land affect development?

A

-poor soil or permofrost =
-crops cant grow, animals cant graze same affects as poor climate

31
Q

how does natural disasters affect develop?

A

-countires will have to spend a lot of monet REBUILDING damages after flood
etc xoxo

32
Q

how does lack of raw materials affect development

A

-fewer products to exports
-makes less money
-so cant develop

some countries have matiarials but not the money for infastructure to export them?

33
Q

give 3 econmoic causes for un even devlopment?

A

poor trade links
lots of debt
econmy based on primary products

34
Q

how does lots of debt affect devolopment?

A

some poor countries have to borrow money
to help cope wiht natural disasters
-WHEN MONEY NEEDS TO BE PAID BACK = COMES W INTERNEST - less moeny for development

35
Q

how does poor trade links affect development?

A

-poor trade links = only can trade with a few countries meaning less money for devoplemt

36
Q

how does a pirmary product based economy affect development?

A

raw materials - sell for less money

37
Q

two reasons for hitorical uneven development?

A

colonisation
conflict/war

38
Q

how does war affect development? (mainly civil war)

A

-money will need to be spent to replace the infastructure and damaged buildings
- services e.g healthcare = disrupted
-can lead to an decline infant mortality rates

39
Q

how does colonisation affect develpopment?

A

-countries might be landlocked
-countries previously controlled by another when they becmae independent = lower level of development

40
Q

give 3 consequences of uneven deveoplment?

A

-wealth
-health
-internatioanl migration

41
Q

how is wealth effected from uneaved deveopment?

A

-more devoloped countires = higher income
wealthier = better services, and better QOL

-but there still may be a uneven amount of waelth within the country

42
Q

how is health affected form uneven development?

A

-more developed = better health care
-HICS = longer life expanctcy, infant mortality etc

-in NEE’S AND LIC’S are more people are likely to die from treatable diseases

43
Q

how is internationla migration affected?

A

-mayne LICS AND NEES escape to HICS to improve QOL or escape war
-job opps

when LICS move to HICS they contibute to econmy = increases developmetn gap

44
Q

how does investment redeuce the devlopment gap?

A

FDI( foreign direct investment) = poorer countires then have btter QOL, infastructure, serviices etc

45
Q

how does aid reduce the devlopment gap?

A

-money/ resources given by charitys/foreign goverment
-for development projects e.g schools

46
Q

how does fair trade help to reduce the development gap?

A

= all about farmers in LICS being paid fairly

47
Q

how does using intermedieate technology reduce develpment gap?

A
48
Q

how does micro finance loans reduce development gap?

give 1 con of this tho?

A

-small loans are given to people in LICS enabling them to start there own buisneess

-can cause debt

49
Q

how doesindustrial development reduce development gap?

A

developing industry = boots GNI & devolpment
-cuz of better infastructer, skills etc

50
Q

how does debt relief reduce devolpent gap?

A

countrys debt = canncelled so more money can be spent on deveoplmet

51
Q

explain stage 1 of the DTM

A

= least developed
-high birth rate - no contreception
-more kids cuz high infnant mortality rate
-bad health care & famine = low life expectnacy

52
Q

explain stage 2 of DTM?
and give eg?

A

-still not very developles
-LICS
-argriculture based econmy
-work on farms
-better healthcare = increase life expaectacy(death rate recreases)

SOMALIA

53
Q

expplain stage 3 of the DTM?
+ E.G

A

more developed
-most NEES
-birth rate falls rapidly = increase in contrapception, women work
econmic changes from farm to manafacturing

death rate decreses = imprved healthcare

MUMBAI

54
Q

explain stages 4&5 of the DTM?
+ E.G

A

HDIS
LOW BIRTH RATE - high QOL AND STANDARD OF LIVING
good health care = high life expectancy low death rate

UK, Canada

geography (5 decks)

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