development gap Flashcards
what does development of a country mean?
the progress of econmic growth, use of tech , quality of life and improved welfare
what’s the term for different levels of development in different countries?
-development gap
= LIC, NEE, HIC
what does GNI stand for?
gross national income
what is GNI and what does it measure?
TOTAL VALUE of goods and services produced by a country in a year
-measures WEALTH
give 2 disadvantages of using the mesure of GNI?
-an average = some may be really rich then others very poor/deprived
-doesnt account for
informal economy
what is birth & death rate?
- amount of live births/deaths per 1000 people ( a year)
what does birth/death rate measure?
what does it link to?
- HEALTH CARE
-demographic transition model (population growth)
cons abt birth and death rate?
-old data
-only gives an average
-variation within country
whats infant mortality rate?
-amount of child deaths under the age of 1 per 1000
name 1 pro and 2 cons of infant mortality rate?
PRO - measures healthcare
CON - variation & we dont cause of death
what does access to clean water measure?
what does it measure?
-percentage of people who can access clean water
-HEALTHCARE & basic infastructure
con of measure for acccess to clean water?
-difficult statistic to measure
what is the literacy rate?
-what does it measure?
percentage of adults who can read and write
-EDUCATION , INCOME AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
what is life expectnacy?
average age a person is expected to live to
what does life expectancy measure?
-health + mutiple factors of the country e.g enviroment
con of life expectancy?
-varaition
-some unknown factors
what is people per doctor ?
average number of people for each docter
(lower number indicates richer country)
pros & con of people per doctor measurement?
-indicates healthcare, money, QOL ect
-price of healthcare may be misleading
give 2 examples of LIC’S
somalia, uganda
give 2 e.gs of NEE’S
brazil, india (MUMBIA)
give 2 examples of HIC’s
UK, USA, candada
what does HDI stand for?
human development index
how is HDI caculated?
combines different measures of development
= GNI per head(income), life exptancy & education level
—-> gives a number 0-1 (1 = most developed)
what does the HDI number tell us?
countries level of economic development & quality of life
what does DTM stand for?
demographic transition model
what does the DTM tell you?
-shows us birth & death rates and how they affect the population growth
what is natural increase?
- higher birth rate than death rate
give 4 physical factors for uneven development?
-poor climate
-poor farming land
-lots of natural diasters
-few raw materials
how does bad climate affect development?
-too hot or too cold = crops cant grow
leading to MALNUTRITION
(low QOL)
-fewer crops = less money =for goverment less taxes =less deceloped services e.g healthcare
how does bad farm land affect development?
-poor soil or permofrost =
-crops cant grow, animals cant graze same affects as poor climate
how does natural disasters affect develop?
-countires will have to spend a lot of monet REBUILDING damages after flood
etc xoxo
how does lack of raw materials affect development
-fewer products to exports
-makes less money
-so cant develop
some countries have matiarials but not the money for infastructure to export them?
give 3 econmoic causes for un even devlopment?
poor trade links
lots of debt
econmy based on primary products
how does lots of debt affect devolopment?
some poor countries have to borrow money
to help cope wiht natural disasters
-WHEN MONEY NEEDS TO BE PAID BACK = COMES W INTERNEST - less moeny for development
how does poor trade links affect development?
-poor trade links = only can trade with a few countries meaning less money for devoplemt
how does a pirmary product based economy affect development?
raw materials - sell for less money
two reasons for hitorical uneven development?
colonisation
conflict/war
how does war affect development? (mainly civil war)
-money will need to be spent to replace the infastructure and damaged buildings
- services e.g healthcare = disrupted
-can lead to an decline infant mortality rates
how does colonisation affect develpopment?
-countries might be landlocked
-countries previously controlled by another when they becmae independent = lower level of development
give 3 consequences of uneven deveoplment?
-wealth
-health
-internatioanl migration
how is wealth effected from uneaved deveopment?
-more devoloped countires = higher income
wealthier = better services, and better QOL
-but there still may be a uneven amount of waelth within the country
how is health affected form uneven development?
-more developed = better health care
-HICS = longer life expanctcy, infant mortality etc
-in NEE’S AND LIC’S are more people are likely to die from treatable diseases
how is internationla migration affected?
-mayne LICS AND NEES escape to HICS to improve QOL or escape war
-job opps
when LICS move to HICS they contibute to econmy = increases developmetn gap
how does investment redeuce the devlopment gap?
FDI( foreign direct investment) = poorer countires then have btter QOL, infastructure, serviices etc
how does aid reduce the devlopment gap?
-money/ resources given by charitys/foreign goverment
-for development projects e.g schools
how does fair trade help to reduce the development gap?
= all about farmers in LICS being paid fairly
how does using intermedieate technology reduce develpment gap?
how does micro finance loans reduce development gap?
give 1 con of this tho?
-small loans are given to people in LICS enabling them to start there own buisneess
-can cause debt
how doesindustrial development reduce development gap?
developing industry = boots GNI & devolpment
-cuz of better infastructer, skills etc
how does debt relief reduce devolpent gap?
countrys debt = canncelled so more money can be spent on deveoplmet
explain stage 1 of the DTM
= least developed
-high birth rate - no contreception
-more kids cuz high infnant mortality rate
-bad health care & famine = low life expectnacy
explain stage 2 of DTM?
and give eg?
-still not very developles
-LICS
-argriculture based econmy
-work on farms
-better healthcare = increase life expaectacy(death rate recreases)
SOMALIA
expplain stage 3 of the DTM?
+ E.G
more developed
-most NEES
-birth rate falls rapidly = increase in contrapception, women work
econmic changes from farm to manafacturing
death rate decreses = imprved healthcare
MUMBAI
explain stages 4&5 of the DTM?
+ E.G
HDIS
LOW BIRTH RATE - high QOL AND STANDARD OF LIVING
good health care = high life expectancy low death rate
UK, Canada
