changing the economic world Flashcards
UK
what aer the four types of indusrtry/economic sectors
primary, secondary, tertaiiry, quaterbary
primary sectors?
- industries extract raw materials e.g farming
- prices fluctuate, unreliale
- LIC
secondary sector?
- manufacture products form raw materials
E.G mumbai - NEE
tertiary sector?
- industies that provide a service [time/knowledge]
E.G canary warf finance - well educated population
- HIC
quaternary sector?
- high degree of research & technology [RND]
- employ HIGLY qualifies ppl [near unis]
- HIC
what occured in the 19th century in the UK?
industralisation
why did industrilasion happen? [benefits]
- trade
- education became compulsy = more educated ppl = better jobs [tertairy] QOL inc
what are the 3 reasons for economic change in the UK
- deindustrialsation
- goverment policies
- globalisation
as of 2017 what population worked in the tertiary and quatenary sector
83%
what is de-industilasation
process of industrial base decline die to an increased [automation=technology/fmachines]
what does de-industralisation lead to?
- unemployment in manuaftuctring sectors = subsequent growth in tertiarry and secondary
what is goverment policies
goverment descions on inverstment and support for buisnesses = affect the economy
government policies
- 1945-1979 what occured in the UK
- goverment was spent PROPPING UP declining UK industries
[dominated w econdary sector w tertiarry becoming more important]
government policies
in the 1980s
- PRIVATISATION occured
= lead to major job loss but increased effiancy - new private companies brought innovation
government policies
in 2010
- REBALANCE
- rebuilding the UKs manufacturing sector & relying less on services sector
- encouraging TNCS
what occurs during globalisation?
- lots of manufacturing moved overseas due to lower labour costs
- TNCs have moved some of there Q/T operations to the UK
- trade becomes increasingly important
/ improvemt of communications = can have buisnesses around the world
what sector are science and buisness parks in?
quatnary
where are science and buisness parks usually located?
- rural urban fringe
-near univeristies - near good transport links
give a named example of a science park
cambridge science park
what can of jobs are found at Cambridge science park?
- biomemdical, IT , finance
- BIOTECH company Abcam
give info of Biotech company Abcam
[cambridge science park]
- worth £1 billion
- 200 employs
- all have PHDs
give a significant adv of science/ business parks?
mutiplier effect = colobrate w other buisnesses to boost there business/econmy
disadvantages of cambridge as a location for industry?
- overcrowded & congested city = difficult to drive/park
- high house prices =expensive to live there
- needs better connections w other cities [not London]
advanatages of cambridge as location for industry?
- uni gradeates = highly educated workforce
- good transport links e.g London airport, M11
- ## city offers a good QOL
why is transport important?
- faciltate people, goods services =economic growth
how is the UK improving airports?
Give a named example
- new runway at Heathrow [£18.6 billion]
- allow an extra 700 planes a day
disadvantges of new runway?
- increase noise and air pollution in the area
- greenhouse gas emissions inc
- aeration infastructure inc = co2 inc
how is the UK improving ports?
Give an example & advantages
LIVERPOOL 2 [£300 million]
- boosts econmy of North - West helps resolve North South divide
- creates thousands of jobs
- reduce traffic on roads
how is UK imporving roads?
2022 UK goverment announced 4 schemes to improve transport links & congestion = £160 million
give an example of road development?
South - West “super highway”
- A303
- hundreds of job opps
- reduces conjestion
disadvanTGes of the A303
- small regional impact
- doesnt help the north south divide
how as the UK improved railway?
Give a named examples
- London crossrail 32km = increase Londons rail capacity by 10%
- 200 million passengers a year
- HS2 propsed to link London to Manchester to decrease the North south divide = faster journeys in the UK
disadvanges of crossrail/HS2
cross rail
- only regional significance
- inc co2 emisions
give some info abt the inequality of investment spent of transport
- only the central corridor is being invested in
- per capita expenditure on transport = hugeley conc on london [double most regions]
what is the example for place of population growth?
- South Cambridge
how is the poluation changing in Cambridge?
- estimated in 2031 population will be 182 000
- inc due to migrants from UK/abroad
- 2031 35% of pop = over 65
give a reason why cambridge is a popular place to move to?
- univeristys = highly skilled
name some economic/ social effects of the population growth in South Cambridge:
- house prices inc = gentrification occurs, young ppl cannot afford [may move]
- lack of affordable housing
- high number of migrants have put pressure on services [inc costs]
- inc traffic conjestion
example of place where population decline is occuring?
what is the pop decline?
- Outer Hebrides
- from 1901 has declined from 46 000 to 27 400
what are the problems with decreasing population in the outer Hebrides?
- 1950 900 fishing boats now = 10
- aging population = young people migrate away rural -urban
- tourism is only seasonal & they have poor infastructure
- number of childnren decrease = schools close
- services close
