Resonance And Articulation Flashcards
1
Q
What is articulation?
A
Articulation is the process of joining two elements; it is the process of bringing two or more moveable speech structure together to form the sounds of speech
2
Q
What is the articulatory system?
A
The articulatory system is the system of mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech.
3
Q
What is the resonatory system?
A
Portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical product of vocal fold vibration resonates (usually the oral, pharyngeal, and nasal cavities combined)
4
Q
This theory states that speech is the product of sending an acoustic source, such as the sound produced by the vibrating folds, through the filter of the vocal tract that shapes the output.
A
Source-filter theory
5
Q
Frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds
A
Resonant frequency
6
Q
This is largely governed by the volume and length of the cavity
A
Resonant frequency
7
Q
This is the largest mobile articulator
A
Tongue
8
Q
What are the mobile articulators?
A
Tongue, mandible, velum, lips, cheeks, pharynx, and larynx
9
Q
What are the immobile articulators?
A
Alveolar ridge of maxilla, hard palate, and teeth
10
Q
What are the two types of articulators?
A
Immobile and mobile
11
Q
What are the bones of the face?
A
Mandible, maxilla, nasal bone, palatine bones, nasal conchae, vomer, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, hyoid bone
12
Q
It is a massive unpaired bone making up the lower jaw of the face. It begins as a paired bone but fuses at the midline by the child’s first birthday.
A
Mandible
13
Q
Where is the point of fusion of the two halves of the mandible?
A
Symphysis menti or mental symphysis
14
Q
This is the hole through which the mental nerve of trigeminal nerve V passes in life
A
Mental foramen
15
Q
This provides the lower dental arch, alveolar region, and resting location of the tongue
A
Mandible
16
Q
This provides the hard palate, point of attachment for the soft palate, alveolar ridge, upper dental arch, and dominant structures of the nasal cavities
A
Maxillae
17
Q
The zygomatic bone articulates with the _________ and ________ to form the _________?
A
The zygomatic bone articulates with the frontal bone and maxillae to form the cheekbone.
18
Q
These small bones provide the upper margin of the nasal cavity
A
Nasal bones
19
Q
The midline vomer articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ___________ and the cartilaginous septum to form _________
A
The midline vomer articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and cartilaginous septum to form the nasal septum
20
Q
This serves as the core of the skull and face, with the prominent crista galli protruding into the cranium and the perpendicular plate dividing the nasal cavities
A
Ethmoid bone
21
Q
This is the point of fusion of palatine process and premaxilla
A
Premaxillary suture
22
Q
The are small bones that make up the superior nasal surface
A
Nasal bones
23
Q
This makes up the posterior 1/4 part of the hard palate
A
Palatine bone
24
Q
Warms and humidifies the air. These are small, scroll-like bones located on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity.
A
Nasal conchae
25
This bone has lateral and medial projections called pterygoids which are points of attachment of some mandibular muscles
Sphenoid bone
26
This is a midline bone that is shaped like a knife or a blade, an unpaired bone which separates the left and right nasal cavity
Vomer
27
The nasal septum is made up of two elements, what are these?
Vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
28
The middle and superior nasal conchae, processes of the _____________ are superiorly placed correlates of the inferior conchae
Ethmoid bone
29
The mucosal here is the thickest of the nose and is highly vascularized
Nasal conchae
30
This bone makes up the prominent structures we identify as cheekbones.
Zygomatic bone
31
What are the cranium bones?
PT FOES (temporal, parietal) (frontal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid)
32
This is a complex and delicate structure and serves as the core of the skull and face.
Ethmoid bone
33
This articulates with the maxilla, frontal bone, and temporal bone
Zygomatic bone
34
Small bones that articulate with the maxillae, frontal bone, nasal bone, and inferior conchae
Lacrimal bone
35
Constitute a small portion of the lateral nasal wall and form a small portion of the medial orbit as well
Lacrimal bone
36
This houses the pituitary gland
Hypophyseal fossa
37
The squamous portion of the temporal bone includes the roof of the _____________
External auditory meatus
38
This type of teeth is mainly used for cutting
Incisors
39
This type of teeth is mainly used for tearing
Cuspid
40
Distal to the cuspids are the first and second bicuspids or ________. These teeth have two cusps on the occlusal surface that are absent in the deciduous dental arch.
Premolars
41
These are large teeth with large occlusal surfaces designed to grind material, and their placement in the posterior arch capitalizes on the significant force available in the muscles of mastication–referring to the posterior six teeth in either upper or lower dental arch
Molars
42
Normal projection of upper incisors beyond lower incisors in transverse plane
Overjet
43
Normal overlap of upper incisors relative to lower incisors
Overbite
44
Relationship between upper and lower teeth in which the first molar of the mandibular arch is ½ tooth advance d of the maxillary molar
Class I occlusion
45
Occlusal relationship in which there is normal orientation of the molars, but an abnormal orientation of the incisors
Class I Malocclusion
46
Relationship of upper and lower arches in which the first mandibular molars are retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars
Class II Malocclusion
47
Relationship of upper and lower arches in which the first mandibular molar is advanced more than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar
Class III Malocclusion
48
The shape and size of the oral cavity are altered through movements _____________
Of the tongue and mandible
49
The nasal cavity may be coupled with the oral/ pharyngeal cavities by means of the _______
Velum
50
What are the muscles of the face?
Orbicularis oris muscles, risorius muscles, buccinator muscle, levator labii superioris muscles, zygomatic minor muscles, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscles, levator anguli oris muscle, zygomatic major muscle, depressor labii inferioris muscle, depressor anguli oris muscle, mentalis muscle, platysma muscle (12)
51
This muscle has been characterized as both a single muscle encircling the mouth opening and paire upper and lower muscles.
Orbicularis oris
52
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: orbicularis oris inferior and superior
Origin: corner of lips
Innervation: VII facial nerve
Constrict oral opening
53
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Risorius Muscle
Origin: posterior region of the face along the fascia of the masseter
Innervation: Buccal branch of the facial nerve VII
Function: Retracts lips at the corners of the superior pharyngeal constrictor
54
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: buccinator
Origin: Pterygomandibular ligament
Innervation: Buccal branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Moves food onto the grinding surfaces of the molars; constricts oropharynx
55
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Levator labii superioris
Origin: Infraorbital margin of maxilla
Innervation: Buccal branch of the VII facial nerve
Elevates the upper lip
56
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Origin: frontal process of maxilla
Innervation: buccal branches of the VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates the upper lip and dilates nostrils
57
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Levator anguli oris
Origin: Canine fossa of maxilla
Innervation: Superior buccal branches of VII facial nerve
Function: Draws corner of mouth up and medially
58
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Zygomatic major
Origin: Lateral to the zygomatic minor or zygomatic bone
Innervation: Buccal branches of the VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates and retracts the angle of mouth
59
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Zygomatic minor
Origin: Facial surface of the zygomatic bone
Innervation: Buccal branches of the VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates the upper lip
60
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Depressor labii inferioris
Origin: Mandible at the oblique line
Innervation: Mandibular marginal branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Dilates the orifice by pulling the lips down and out
61
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis)
Origin: Lateral margins of the mandible on the oblique line
Innervation: Mandibular branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Depresses corner of mouth and helps compress the upper lip against the lower lip
62
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Mentalis
Origin: Region of the incisive fossa of mandible
Innervation: Mandibular marginal branch of VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out
63
Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Platysma
Origin: Fascia overlaying pectoralis major and deltoid
Innervation: Cervical branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Depresses the mandible
64
These muscles assist in the retraction of the lips as well as support entrapment of air within the oral cavity
Risorius and buccinator muscles
65
This muscle elevates and retracts the angle of mouth
Zygomatic major
66
The contraction of these muscles elevates the upper lip
Levator labii superioris, zygomatic minor muscle, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
67
Contraction of this muscles depresses the lower lip
Depressor labii inferioris muscle
68
The contraction if this muscle elevates and retracts the angle of the mouth
Zygomatic major muscle
69
The contraction of this muscle pulls the lips down and out
Depressor labii inferioris
70
This muscles depresses the corner of the mouth
Depressor anguli oris muscle
71
This muscle elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out
Mentalis muscle
72
This facial muscle depresses the mandible
Platysma
73
This muscle is innervated by the superior buccal branches of the CN VII. It draws corner of mouth up and medially
Levator anguli oris
74
This muscle is innervated by the mandibular marginal branch of the CN VII. It dilates the orifice by pulling the lips down and out. This action helps create expressions such as frowning, grimacing, and pouting.
Depressor labii inferioris
75
This is innervated by the mandibular marginal branch of the CN VII. It elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out.
Mentalis
76
This is innervated by the mandibular branch of the CN VII. It depresses the corner of mouth and helps compress the upper lip against the lower lip
Depressor anguli oris
77
This is innervated by the cervical branch of the CN VII. It also depresses the mandible
Platysma
78
This is formed from the junction between the two palatine processes of the maxillae
Intermaxillary suture
79
This structure outlines the palatine process of the premaxilla and the palatine process of maxilla
Premaxillary suture
80
This opening is in the anterior aspect of the hard palate, and serves as a conduit for the nasopalatine nerve serving the nasal mucosa
Incisive foramen
81
These muscles tend to provide the fine, graded control of the articulatory gesture
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
82
These muscles tend to move the tongue into the general region desired
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
83
The tongue is divided longitudinally by the ______________ a dividing wall between right and left halves that serves as the point of origin for the transverse muscle of the tongue
Median fibrous septum
84
This courses along the length of the tongue, comprising the upper layer of the tongue. This muscle elevates, assists in retraction, or deviates the tip of the tongue
Superior longitudinal
85
This elevates, assists in retraction, or deviates the tongue tip
Superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue
86
Pulls the tip of the tongue downard, assists in retraction and deviates tongue
Inferior longitudinal muscle
87
Provide a mechanism for narrowing the tongue
Transverse muscle of the tongue
88
Pulls the tongue down into the floor of the mouth
Vertical muscle of the tongue
89
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
SITV (Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical)
90
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus, chondroglossus
91
Innervation of the palatoglossus muscle
Pharyngeal plexus from CN XI Accessory and X Vagus Nerve
92
Elevates the tongue and depresses the soft palate
Palatoglossus
93
Draws the tongue back and up–retracts the tongue
Styloglossus
94
Anterior fibers of this muscle retract the tongue while the posterior fibers of this tongue protrude the tongue; together they depress the tongue
Genioglossus
95
Pulls the sides of the tongue down
Hyoglossus
96
Depresses the tongue
Chondroglossus
97
What are the muscles of mastication?
Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, digastricus, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, platysma
98
This is the most superficial of the muscles of mastication. It’s function include elevating the mandible
Masseter
99
This muscle is deep to the masseter, arising from a region of the temporal and parietal bones known as the temporal fossa. This muscle elevates the mandible and draws it back if protruded. It is innervated by the temporal branches arising from the mandibular nerve of CN V Trigeminal Nerve.
Temporalis
100
These muscles depress the mandible
Platysma, Geniohyoid, Mylohyoid, Digastric
101
This mandibular muscle protrudes the mandible
Lateral pterygoid
102
This mandibular muscle elevates the mandible and is innervated by the mandibular division of the CN V Trigeminal nerve.
Medial pterygoid
103
Innervation and function of the tensor veli palitini
Innervation: Mandibular nerve of CN V Trigeminal Nerve
Function: Dilates the Eustachian tube
104
This muscle of the velum shortens the soft palate
Musculus uvulae
105
This muscle is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus from CN XI Accessory nerve and Pharyngeal branch of CN X Vagus Nerve. It’s function is to narrow the pharynx, as well as lowering the soft palate
Palatopharyngeus
106
This elevates and retracts the posterior velum
Levator veli palatini
107
Innervation of Levator Veli Palatini, Musculus uvulae, and palatoglossus muscle
Pharyngeal plexus from CN XI Accessory and X Vagus Nerve
108
Composed of the feedforward control subsystem, representing speech production, and feedback control system, representing the learning process
DIVA Model
109
______________ is the overlapping effect of one articulatory movement on another
Coarticulation
110
______________ theories generally see articulation as a process of achieving a goal through interaction of coordinative structures. Coordinative structures are muscle groups which, when activated, contribute to achievement of the goal at the terminal effector.
Task dynamic
111
This theory holds that there is a “master control” mechanism that dictates the muscle movements based upon the linguistic goal
Central control
112
Motor control in the body develops from _____ to ______ and from _______ to _______
Head to tail and from proximal to distal
113
True or False. The lower lip is faster than the upper lip
t
114
What are the pharyngeal muscles?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, inferior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeal muscle, thyropharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus muscle
115
Pulls pharyngeal wall forward; constricts pharyngeal diameter
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
116
Narrows the diameter of the pharynx
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
117
Constricts superior orifice of esophagus
Cricopharyngeus
118
Reduces diameter of the lower pharynx
Thyropharyngeus
119
Elevates and opens the larynx and is innervated by the muscular branch of CN IX
Stylopharyngeus
120
Elevates the lateral pharyngeal wall
Salpingopharyngeous
121
Anterior displacement of a distinct portion of the posterior pharyngeal wall during speech is known as
Passavant's ridge
Rationale: Passavant's ridge is indeed the anterior displacement of a distinct portion of the posterior pharyngeal wall during speech, as well as during swallowing. This ridge forms when the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle contracts, causing a bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall.
During speech, particularly for non-nasal sounds (like /p/, /t/, /k/), the soft palate (velum) moves upward and backward to meet Passavant's ridge, helping to create a seal between the nasal and oral cavities. This is critical for preventing air from escaping through the nose and ensuring normal resonance. If this closure is incomplete, it can result in hypernasal speech.
122
This muscle of the tongue elevates tongue tip
Superior longitudinal intrinsic muscle of the tongue
123
Depresses the tongue tip
Inferior longitudinal muscle
124
Protrudes the tongue
Genioglossus, posterior portion
125
Retracts the tongue
Genioglossus, anterior portion; styloglossus
126
Elevates posterior tongue
Palatoglossus
127
Narrows tongue
Transverse muscle of the tongue
128
Flattens the tongue, pulls it down into the floor of the mouth
Vertical intrinsic muscle and genioglossus
129
Depresses velum
Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
130
Constricts esophageal opening
Cricopharyngeus
131
Constricts upper pharynx
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
132
Elevates velum
Levator veli palatini
