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Catalyst > Resonance And Articulation > Flashcards

Resonance And Articulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is articulation?

A

Articulation is the process of joining two elements; it is the process of bringing two or more moveable speech structure together to form the sounds of speech

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2
Q

What is the articulatory system?

A

The articulatory system is the system of mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech.

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3
Q

What is the resonatory system?

A

Portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical product of vocal fold vibration resonates (usually the oral, pharyngeal, and nasal cavities combined)

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4
Q

This theory states that speech is the product of sending an acoustic source, such as the sound produced by the vibrating folds, through the filter of the vocal tract that shapes the output.

A

Source-filter theory

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5
Q

Frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds

A

Resonant frequency

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6
Q

This is largely governed by the volume and length of the cavity

A

Resonant frequency

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7
Q

This is the largest mobile articulator

A

Tongue

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8
Q

What are the mobile articulators?

A

Tongue, mandible, velum, lips, cheeks, pharynx, and larynx

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9
Q

What are the immobile articulators?

A

Alveolar ridge of maxilla, hard palate, and teeth

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10
Q

What are the two types of articulators?

A

Immobile and mobile

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11
Q

What are the bones of the face?

A

Mandible, maxilla, nasal bone, palatine bones, nasal conchae, vomer, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, hyoid bone

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12
Q

It is a massive unpaired bone making up the lower jaw of the face. It begins as a paired bone but fuses at the midline by the child’s first birthday.

A

Mandible

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13
Q

Where is the point of fusion of the two halves of the mandible?

A

Symphysis menti or mental symphysis

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14
Q

This is the hole through which the mental nerve of trigeminal nerve V passes in life

A

Mental foramen

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15
Q

This provides the lower dental arch, alveolar region, and resting location of the tongue

A

Mandible

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16
Q

This provides the hard palate, point of attachment for the soft palate, alveolar ridge, upper dental arch, and dominant structures of the nasal cavities

A

Maxillae

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17
Q

The zygomatic bone articulates with the _________ and ________ to form the _________?

A

The zygomatic bone articulates with the frontal bone and maxillae to form the cheekbone.

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18
Q

These small bones provide the upper margin of the nasal cavity

A

Nasal bones

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19
Q

The midline vomer articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ___________ and the cartilaginous septum to form _________

A

The midline vomer articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and cartilaginous septum to form the nasal septum

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20
Q

This serves as the core of the skull and face, with the prominent crista galli protruding into the cranium and the perpendicular plate dividing the nasal cavities

A

Ethmoid bone

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21
Q

This is the point of fusion of palatine process and premaxilla

A

Premaxillary suture

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22
Q

The are small bones that make up the superior nasal surface

A

Nasal bones

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23
Q

This makes up the posterior 1/4 part of the hard palate

A

Palatine bone

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24
Q

Warms and humidifies the air. These are small, scroll-like bones located on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity.

A

Nasal conchae

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25
Q

This bone has lateral and medial projections called pterygoids which are points of attachment of some mandibular muscles

A

Sphenoid bone

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26
Q

This is a midline bone that is shaped like a knife or a blade, an unpaired bone which separates the left and right nasal cavity

A

Vomer

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27
Q

The nasal septum is made up of two elements, what are these?

A

Vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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28
Q

The middle and superior nasal conchae, processes of the _____________ are superiorly placed correlates of the inferior conchae

A

Ethmoid bone

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29
Q

The mucosal here is the thickest of the nose and is highly vascularized

A

Nasal conchae

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30
Q

This bone makes up the prominent structures we identify as cheekbones.

A

Zygomatic bone

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31
Q

What are the cranium bones?

A

PT FOES (temporal, parietal) (frontal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid)

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32
Q

This is a complex and delicate structure and serves as the core of the skull and face.

A

Ethmoid bone

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33
Q

This articulates with the maxilla, frontal bone, and temporal bone

A

Zygomatic bone

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34
Q

Small bones that articulate with the maxillae, frontal bone, nasal bone, and inferior conchae

A

Lacrimal bone

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35
Q

Constitute a small portion of the lateral nasal wall and form a small portion of the medial orbit as well

A

Lacrimal bone

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36
Q

This houses the pituitary gland

A

Hypophyseal fossa

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37
Q

The squamous portion of the temporal bone includes the roof of the _____________

A

External auditory meatus

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38
Q

This type of teeth is mainly used for cutting

A

Incisors

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39
Q

This type of teeth is mainly used for tearing

A

Cuspid

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40
Q

Distal to the cuspids are the first and second bicuspids or ________. These teeth have two cusps on the occlusal surface that are absent in the deciduous dental arch.

A

Premolars

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41
Q

These are large teeth with large occlusal surfaces designed to grind material, and their placement in the posterior arch capitalizes on the significant force available in the muscles of mastication–referring to the posterior six teeth in either upper or lower dental arch

A

Molars

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42
Q

Normal projection of upper incisors beyond lower incisors in transverse plane

A

Overjet

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43
Q

Normal overlap of upper incisors relative to lower incisors

A

Overbite

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44
Q

Relationship between upper and lower teeth in which the first molar of the mandibular arch is ½ tooth advance d of the maxillary molar

A

Class I occlusion

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45
Q

Occlusal relationship in which there is normal orientation of the molars, but an abnormal orientation of the incisors

A

Class I Malocclusion

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46
Q

Relationship of upper and lower arches in which the first mandibular molars are retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars

A

Class II Malocclusion

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47
Q

Relationship of upper and lower arches in which the first mandibular molar is advanced more than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar

A

Class III Malocclusion

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48
Q

The shape and size of the oral cavity are altered through movements _____________

A

Of the tongue and mandible

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49
Q

The nasal cavity may be coupled with the oral/ pharyngeal cavities by means of the _______

A

Velum

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50
Q

What are the muscles of the face?

A

Orbicularis oris muscles, risorius muscles, buccinator muscle, levator labii superioris muscles, zygomatic minor muscles, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscles, levator anguli oris muscle, zygomatic major muscle, depressor labii inferioris muscle, depressor anguli oris muscle, mentalis muscle, platysma muscle (12)

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51
Q

This muscle has been characterized as both a single muscle encircling the mouth opening and paire upper and lower muscles.

A

Orbicularis oris

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52
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: orbicularis oris inferior and superior

A

Origin: corner of lips
Innervation: VII facial nerve
Constrict oral opening

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53
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Risorius Muscle

A

Origin: posterior region of the face along the fascia of the masseter
Innervation: Buccal branch of the facial nerve VII
Function: Retracts lips at the corners of the superior pharyngeal constrictor

54
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: buccinator

A

Origin: Pterygomandibular ligament
Innervation: Buccal branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Moves food onto the grinding surfaces of the molars; constricts oropharynx

55
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Levator labii superioris

A

Origin: Infraorbital margin of maxilla
Innervation: Buccal branch of the VII facial nerve
Elevates the upper lip

56
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

Origin: frontal process of maxilla
Innervation: buccal branches of the VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates the upper lip and dilates nostrils

57
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Levator anguli oris

A

Origin: Canine fossa of maxilla
Innervation: Superior buccal branches of VII facial nerve
Function: Draws corner of mouth up and medially

58
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Zygomatic major

A

Origin: Lateral to the zygomatic minor or zygomatic bone
Innervation: Buccal branches of the VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates and retracts the angle of mouth

59
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Zygomatic minor

A

Origin: Facial surface of the zygomatic bone
Innervation: Buccal branches of the VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates the upper lip

60
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Depressor labii inferioris

A

Origin: Mandible at the oblique line
Innervation: Mandibular marginal branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Dilates the orifice by pulling the lips down and out

61
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis)

A

Origin: Lateral margins of the mandible on the oblique line
Innervation: Mandibular branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Depresses corner of mouth and helps compress the upper lip against the lower lip

62
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Mentalis

A

Origin: Region of the incisive fossa of mandible
Innervation: Mandibular marginal branch of VII facial nerve
Function: Elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out

63
Q

Label the origin, innervation, and function of this muscle: Platysma

A

Origin: Fascia overlaying pectoralis major and deltoid
Innervation: Cervical branch of the VII facial nerve
Function: Depresses the mandible

64
Q

These muscles assist in the retraction of the lips as well as support entrapment of air within the oral cavity

A

Risorius and buccinator muscles

65
Q

This muscle elevates and retracts the angle of mouth

A

Zygomatic major

66
Q

The contraction of these muscles elevates the upper lip

A

Levator labii superioris, zygomatic minor muscle, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

67
Q

Contraction of this muscles depresses the lower lip

A

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

68
Q

The contraction if this muscle elevates and retracts the angle of the mouth

A

Zygomatic major muscle

69
Q

The contraction of this muscle pulls the lips down and out

A

Depressor labii inferioris

70
Q

This muscles depresses the corner of the mouth

A

Depressor anguli oris muscle

71
Q

This muscle elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out

A

Mentalis muscle

72
Q

This facial muscle depresses the mandible

A

Platysma

73
Q

This muscle is innervated by the superior buccal branches of the CN VII. It draws corner of mouth up and medially

A

Levator anguli oris

74
Q

This muscle is innervated by the mandibular marginal branch of the CN VII. It dilates the orifice by pulling the lips down and out. This action helps create expressions such as frowning, grimacing, and pouting.

A

Depressor labii inferioris

75
Q

This is innervated by the mandibular marginal branch of the CN VII. It elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out.

A

Mentalis

76
Q

This is innervated by the mandibular branch of the CN VII. It depresses the corner of mouth and helps compress the upper lip against the lower lip

A

Depressor anguli oris

77
Q

This is innervated by the cervical branch of the CN VII. It also depresses the mandible

A

Platysma

78
Q

This is formed from the junction between the two palatine processes of the maxillae

A

Intermaxillary suture

79
Q

This structure outlines the palatine process of the premaxilla and the palatine process of maxilla

A

Premaxillary suture

80
Q

This opening is in the anterior aspect of the hard palate, and serves as a conduit for the nasopalatine nerve serving the nasal mucosa

A

Incisive foramen

81
Q

These muscles tend to provide the fine, graded control of the articulatory gesture

A

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

82
Q

These muscles tend to move the tongue into the general region desired

A

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

83
Q

The tongue is divided longitudinally by the ______________ a dividing wall between right and left halves that serves as the point of origin for the transverse muscle of the tongue

A

Median fibrous septum

84
Q

This courses along the length of the tongue, comprising the upper layer of the tongue. This muscle elevates, assists in retraction, or deviates the tip of the tongue

A

Superior longitudinal

85
Q

This elevates, assists in retraction, or deviates the tongue tip

A

Superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

86
Q

Pulls the tip of the tongue downard, assists in retraction and deviates tongue

A

Inferior longitudinal muscle

87
Q

Provide a mechanism for narrowing the tongue

A

Transverse muscle of the tongue

88
Q

Pulls the tongue down into the floor of the mouth

A

Vertical muscle of the tongue

89
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

SITV (Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical)

90
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus, chondroglossus

91
Q

Innervation of the palatoglossus muscle

A

Pharyngeal plexus from CN XI Accessory and X Vagus Nerve

92
Q

Elevates the tongue and depresses the soft palate

A

Palatoglossus

93
Q

Draws the tongue back and up–retracts the tongue

A

Styloglossus

94
Q

Anterior fibers of this muscle retract the tongue while the posterior fibers of this tongue protrude the tongue; together they depress the tongue

A

Genioglossus

95
Q

Pulls the sides of the tongue down

A

Hyoglossus

96
Q

Depresses the tongue

A

Chondroglossus

97
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, digastricus, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, platysma

98
Q

This is the most superficial of the muscles of mastication. It’s function include elevating the mandible

A

Masseter

99
Q

This muscle is deep to the masseter, arising from a region of the temporal and parietal bones known as the temporal fossa. This muscle elevates the mandible and draws it back if protruded. It is innervated by the temporal branches arising from the mandibular nerve of CN V Trigeminal Nerve.

A

Temporalis

100
Q

These muscles depress the mandible

A

Platysma, Geniohyoid, Mylohyoid, Digastric

101
Q

This mandibular muscle protrudes the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

102
Q

This mandibular muscle elevates the mandible and is innervated by the mandibular division of the CN V Trigeminal nerve.

A

Medial pterygoid

103
Q

Innervation and function of the tensor veli palitini

A

Innervation: Mandibular nerve of CN V Trigeminal Nerve
Function: Dilates the Eustachian tube

104
Q

This muscle of the velum shortens the soft palate

A

Musculus uvulae

105
Q

This muscle is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus from CN XI Accessory nerve and Pharyngeal branch of CN X Vagus Nerve. It’s function is to narrow the pharynx, as well as lowering the soft palate

A

Palatopharyngeus

106
Q

This elevates and retracts the posterior velum

A

Levator veli palatini

107
Q

Innervation of Levator Veli Palatini, Musculus uvulae, and palatoglossus muscle

A

Pharyngeal plexus from CN XI Accessory and X Vagus Nerve

108
Q

Composed of the feedforward control subsystem, representing speech production, and feedback control system, representing the learning process

A

DIVA Model

109
Q

______________ is the overlapping effect of one articulatory movement on another

A

Coarticulation

110
Q

______________ theories generally see articulation as a process of achieving a goal through interaction of coordinative structures. Coordinative structures are muscle groups which, when activated, contribute to achievement of the goal at the terminal effector.

A

Task dynamic

111
Q

This theory holds that there is a “master control” mechanism that dictates the muscle movements based upon the linguistic goal

A

Central control

112
Q

Motor control in the body develops from _____ to ______ and from _______ to _______

A

Head to tail and from proximal to distal

113
Q

True or False. The lower lip is faster than the upper lip

A

t

114
Q

What are the pharyngeal muscles?

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, inferior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeal muscle, thyropharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus muscle

115
Q

Pulls pharyngeal wall forward; constricts pharyngeal diameter

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

116
Q

Narrows the diameter of the pharynx

A

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

117
Q

Constricts superior orifice of esophagus

A

Cricopharyngeus

118
Q

Reduces diameter of the lower pharynx

A

Thyropharyngeus

119
Q

Elevates and opens the larynx and is innervated by the muscular branch of CN IX

A

Stylopharyngeus

120
Q

Elevates the lateral pharyngeal wall

A

Salpingopharyngeous

121
Q

Anterior displacement of a distinct portion of the posterior pharyngeal wall during speech is known as

A

Passavant’s ridge

Rationale: Passavant’s ridge is indeed the anterior displacement of a distinct portion of the posterior pharyngeal wall during speech, as well as during swallowing. This ridge forms when the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle contracts, causing a bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

During speech, particularly for non-nasal sounds (like /p/, /t/, /k/), the soft palate (velum) moves upward and backward to meet Passavant’s ridge, helping to create a seal between the nasal and oral cavities. This is critical for preventing air from escaping through the nose and ensuring normal resonance. If this closure is incomplete, it can result in hypernasal speech.

122
Q

This muscle of the tongue elevates tongue tip

A

Superior longitudinal intrinsic muscle of the tongue

123
Q

Depresses the tongue tip

A

Inferior longitudinal muscle

124
Q

Protrudes the tongue

A

Genioglossus, posterior portion

125
Q

Retracts the tongue

A

Genioglossus, anterior portion; styloglossus

126
Q

Elevates posterior tongue

A

Palatoglossus

127
Q

Narrows tongue

A

Transverse muscle of the tongue

128
Q

Flattens the tongue, pulls it down into the floor of the mouth

A

Vertical intrinsic muscle and genioglossus

129
Q

Depresses velum

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

130
Q

Constricts esophageal opening

A

Cricopharyngeus

131
Q

Constricts upper pharynx

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

132
Q

Elevates velum

A

Levator veli palatini

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