Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Catalyst > Adult Lang Cog Condition > Flashcards

Adult Lang Cog Condition Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the parietal lobe

A

Somatosensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the temporal lobe

A

Audition, receptive language, long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of frontal lobe?

A

Cognition, movement, expressive language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What Brodmann area is responsible for the following: cognition, personality, decision making, EF, emotional regulation.

A

BA 9, 10, 11
Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

BA 8

A

Frontal eye field
Function: Controlling eye movement, visual attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BA 44, 45

A

Broca’s area (inferior frontal gyrus)
Function: Language processing, speech production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BA 6

A

Premotor cortex
Planning and sequencing of voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

BA 4

A

Primary motor cortex
Carries out motor plans from 44 and 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

BA 1, 2, 3

A

Primary sensory cortex
Function: Receiving and perceiving somatosensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BA 5, 7

A

Somatosensory association cortex
Function: Stereognosis, sensory feedback in speech, and writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BA 39

A

Angular gyrus
Function: reading, writing, math

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BA 40

A

Supramarginal gyrus
Function: Phonological processing in spoken and written language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BA 38

A

Temporal pole
Function: Semantic processing, speech comprehension, narrative comprehension (Left side)
Identifying voices, emotional processing in language (Right)
Theory of mind, empathy (both)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

BA 41, 42

A

Primary auditory cortex
Function: receiving and processing auditory input from auditory pathway (intensity, frequency of sounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BA 22

A

Wernicke’s area
Function: attaching meaning to sounds from 41, 42, if speech and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Middle and inferior lobe

A

BA 20, 21
Function: naming objects, recognizing faces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cingulate cortex

A

BA 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31. 32, 33
Function: decision making, impulse control, emotional processing, perception of pain, autobiographical memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BA 27, 28, 34, 35, 36

A

Function: Semantic, and episodic memory
Parahippocampal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BA 13, 14, 15, 16

A

Insular cortex
Function: gustatory and sensorimotor functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BA 17

A

Primary visual cortex
Function: receiving and processing visual information from the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BA 18, 19

A

Associative visual cortex
Attending to visual feature and perceives depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is CT Scan? What does it use and create?

A
  • Computer Tomography Scan
  • It is a medical imaging procedure that uses X-rays and computer processing to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body’s internal structures.
  • It provides more detailed information than standard X-rays and is particularly useful for imaging soft tissues, blood vessels, bones, and organs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an MRI?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body. Unlike a CT scan, which uses X-rays, MRI does not involve ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for certain types of diagnostic imaging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is TBI?

A
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Occurs when an external force is exerted on the head causing brain tissue damage (which can be focal or spread out)
  • Symptoms can be similar to aphasic clients, or cog-comm disorder clients, or both
  • Severity of injury correlated with the symptoms they present after the injury and more specifically with neurologic findings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is CVD?

A
  • Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD)
    Any condition affecting blood flow through the brain or spinal cord.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Also known as “brain attack”; blood flow through the brain is stopped due to a block (ischemic) or due to a rupture in a blood vessel

A

Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A

Ischemic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is an ischemic stroke?

A

A stroke causes by narrowing of a blood vessel (stenosis) or a complete blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This is a blockage (i.e., a blood clot) developing within the blood vessel

A
  • Thrombus
  • Thrombus is a clot that stays in one place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Blockage developing in another part of the body that travels to the blood vessel of the brain via the bloodstream; can be a blood clot or plaque debris

A
  • Embolus
  • Embolus - “traveling clot” that moves and blocks a different part of the body.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A
  • A “mini stroke”; is an ischemic stroke that resolves on its own after a short amount of time (a few minutes to 24 hrs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the types of ischemic strokes?

A

Thrombus
Embolus
Transient
Lacunar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a lacunar stroke? Common in?

A
  • An ischemic stroke that affects the deeper parts of the brain (e.g., thalamus, basal ganglia)
  • Blockage on smaller arterial vessels
  • Common among hypertensive, and/or diabetic patients
  • Small damage to the brain (termed as lacune)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

A stroke caused by a rupture in a blood vessel of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the types of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Intracerebral
Subarachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke within the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is a subarachnoid stroke? Often caused by?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke where blood leaks into the subarachnoid space; often caused by aneurysm that had ruptured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the most common neurodegenerative diseases regarding speech and language?

A

Dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

This is a general term used to describe declining cognitive function (memory, comprehension of surroundings, executive functions etc.,) that affects activities of daily living

A

Dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the most common types of dementia?

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Vascular dementia
  • Lewy body dementia
  • Frontotemporal dementia
41
Q

This is the most common cause of dementia. Changes in the brain cause it to shrink and neurons to eventually die. This causes decline in cognitive function, behavior, and social skills

A

Alzheimer’s disease

42
Q

Dementia caused by a lack of blood supplies to different parts of the brain

A

Vascular dementia

43
Q

Clumps of a type of protein (alpha-synuclein) called Lewy bodies, form inside neurons causing them to malfunction and die

A

Lew body dementia

44
Q

Relatively rare, commonly misdiagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease. Focal shrinking in the frontotemporal part of the brain causes a wide range of decline in cognitive functions depending on which part is most affected. Mostly occurs in younger population compared to Alzheimer’s disease (40-64 years old)

A

Frontotemporal dementia

45
Q

If there is a left hemisphere damage the patient may have?

A

The patient may very likely have aphasia

46
Q

What is aphasia?

A

An acquired multimodality communication disorder caused by brain damage
- Can affect reading, writing, speaking, listening
- Usually caused by stroke; other causes can be TBI, or neurodegenerative diseases, or tumors
- Majority of patients that have aphasia have left hemisphere, but in rare cases, patients with right hemisphere damage present with aphasia as it is their language hemisphere

47
Q

What are the nonfluent aphasias?

A
  • Global aphasia
  • Mixed transcortical aphasia
  • Broca’s aphasia
  • Transcortical motor aphasia
    ACRONYM: GB MT (GB MO TEH)
48
Q

What are the fluent aphasias?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Conduction aphasia
Anomic aphasia

49
Q

Possible anatomical damage for global aphasia

A
  • Occlusion of the MCA prior to branching
  • Larger portion of the perisylvian region of the language-dominant hemisphere
  • Large left frontal lobe lesion (severe)
50
Q

Characteristics of auditory comprehension with a person with Global’s aphasia

A

Severe auditory comprehension deficit

51
Q

Characteristics of verbal production with a person with Global aphasia

A
  • Minimal to no verbal output
  • Poor repetition
  • Poor naming
  • Presence of stereotypical utterances
52
Q

What type of nonfluent aphasia can repeat but cannot comprehend?

A

Isolated or Mixed transcortical aphasia

53
Q

What is the possible anatomical damage for a person with Mixed transcortical aphasia

A

Watershed infarction affecting anterior and posterior extrasylvian region (away from the perisylvian region)

54
Q

What are the auditory comprehension characteristics of Mixed transcortical aphasia?

A

Severe auditory comprehension deficit

55
Q

Characteristics of verbal production with a person with isolation or mixed transcortical aphasia?

A
  • Good repetition
  • Word finding difficulties
  • Stereotypic utterances
56
Q

Possible anatomical damage of Broca’s aphasia

A
  • Perisyvlian zone
  • BA 44 and 45
  • Occlusion of anterior branches of MCA
  • Damage on inferior frontal gyrus
57
Q

Broca’s aphasia auditory comprehension characteristics:

A

Slightly or moderately impaired

58
Q

Broca’s aphasia verbal production characteristics

A
  • Agrammatism
  • Telegraphic speech
  • Poor repetition
  • Can co-occur with verbal apraxia
59
Q

Possible anatomical damage for a person with transcortical motor aphasia

A
  • Lesion in the left frontal lobe involving prefrontal and premotor cortices
  • Small subcortical lesions anterior to the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle
60
Q

Auditory comprehension deficits/characteristics of transcortical motor aphasia

A

Slightly or moderately impaired

61
Q

Verbal production characteristics/deficits of transcortical motor aphasia

A
  • Possibly telegraphic speech in spontaneous speech production
  • Good repetition
62
Q

Possible anatomical damage of a person with Wernicke’s aphasia

A
  • Heschle’s gyrus/primary auditory cortex (BA 41)
  • Posterior superior or temporal gyrus (BA 22)
  • Inferior part of supramarginal and angular gyri
63
Q

What are the auditory comprehension deficits of a person with Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Poor comprehension

64
Q

What are the verbal production deficits/characteristics with a person with Wernicke’s aphasia?

A
  • Produces semantics or neologistic jargons
  • Possible anosognosia (not aware that the person may have an impairment)
65
Q

Possible anatomical damage for a person who has transcortical sensory aphasia?

A
  • Posterior part of parietal or temporal lobes
  • Middle temporal gyrus or angular gyrus
66
Q

Auditory comprehension characteristics/deficits for a person with transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Poor comprehension

67
Q

Verbal production characteristics/deficits with a person with transcortical sensory aphasia

A
  • Good word and sentence repetition
  • Impaired naming due to word finding problems
68
Q

Possible anatomical damage for conduction aphasia

A
  • Supramarginal gyrus
  • Arcuate fasciculus
  • Insula
  • Primary auditory cortex
69
Q

Auditory comprehension deficits/characteristics for a person who may have conduction aphasia

A

Slightly or moderately impaired comprehension

70
Q

Verbal production characteristics/deficits for a person with conduction aphasia

A
  • Impaired repetition
  • Some word finding difficulties
71
Q

Possible anatomical damage of anomic aphasia

A

Left anterior temporal lobe

72
Q

Auditory comprehension deficits of a person who has anomic aphasia

A

Slightly impaired comprehension

73
Q

Verbal production deficits/characteristics of a person who has anomic aphasia

A

Coherent but with word-finding difficulties

74
Q

This is considered to be the mildest aphasia

A

Anomic aphasia

75
Q

What is anomia?

A

Word finding difficulty

76
Q

What is paraphasia?

A

Production of unintended sound, word, or phrase

77
Q

What is phonemic paraphasia?

A

Substitution, rearrangement, addition or omission of a word’s phonemes (e.g., water → “outer”)

78
Q

What is semantic paraphasia?

A

Semantically related word (e.g., pencil → ballpen)

79
Q

What is neologism paraphasia?

A

Non word (e.g., sinigang → tinuman)

80
Q

What is circumlocution?

A

Describing the target word

81
Q

What is a verbal stereotype?

A

Can be a sound, syllable, word or phrase that a patient would say as a response to anything

82
Q

What is agrammatism?

A

Minimal or no grammar words or function words; does not use morphemes; telegraphic speech (e.g., wru?)

83
Q

What is semantic jargon?

A

A continuous or “fluent” utterance consisting of word but do not convey any meaning

84
Q

What is neologistic jargon?

A

A continuous or “fluent” utterance consisting of mostly non-words

85
Q

What is perseveration?

A

Repetition of a previous response in succeeding instances necessitating a different response
Example: After being shown a picture of a cat and correctly saying “cat,” the individual is then shown a picture of a dog but still says “cat” instead of “dog.” They may continue repeating “cat” despite different stimuli or questions.

86
Q

Symptoms of aphasia: auditory processing

A
  • Slow rise time
  • Noise build up
  • Intermittent auditory imperception
  • Information capacity deficit
  • Retention deficit
87
Q

What is slow rise time?

A

Comprehends the latter part of a message or command; may perform better after 4-5 instances on a auditory processing activity

88
Q

What is noise build up?

A

Comprehends the initial part of a message or command; may notice decline in performance on the latter part of an activity

89
Q

What is intermittent auditory imperception?

A

Processing fades in and out randomly

90
Q

What is the information capacity deficit?

A

Difficulty in receiving and processing a message, resulting in a longer response time and would notice a difference in performance when giving simple vs a complex (e.g., longer) command

91
Q

What is the retention deficit?

A

Comprehends the message up to a certain point and then would forget; better performance in short commands and would commonly say “nakalimutan ko na sinabi mo” when given longer commands.
A retention deficit refers to difficulty in holding onto information over a period of time. The person might be able to process and understand the information initially, but they are unable to store it in memory for later use.

92
Q

True to False. Aphasia is a left hemisphere damage.

A

True

93
Q

Right hemisphere damage

A
  • Acquired disorder usually from a stroke or TBI
    Characterized with communication difficulties although different from aphasic patients
    Cognitive functions such as attention/perception, memory, and EF are also affected.
94
Q

Common communication deficits of right hemisphere damage

A
  • Difficulty determining main point in a paragraph or sentence
  • Disorganized manner of relaying information
  • Difficulty in correctly interpreting figurative language
  • Problems in understanding communicative importance of prosody
95
Q

Common attention/perception disorders with right hemisphere damage

A
  • Anosognosia (unaware of or denies a neurological deficit or illness they have, despite clear evidence of it.)
  • Visuospatial neglect/inattention
  • Prosopagnosia
  • Inability to reconstruct simple drawings
  • Auditory perceptual problems
96
Q

What are the characteristics of early stages of dementia?

A
  • Disoriented with time
  • Difficulties with recalling
  • Still can converse well, although will have tendencies to ramble
  • Possible word-finding difficulties
97
Q

Middles stages of dementia

A
  • Disoriented with time and place
  • Memory impairment is more noticeable
  • Dependent on tasks that they would normally do on their own (e.g., cooking, taking meds, buying groceries(
  • Repetitive stories or arguments
  • Presence of semantics paraphasias and misuse of syntax or morphological forms
98
Q

Late stages of dementia

A
  • Disoriented with time, place, and person
  • Dependent on most ADLs
  • Verbal output could be minimal to none
  • Poor comprehension

Catalyst (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions