Normal Human Development Flashcards
What is growth?
Quantitative changes in size, dimension, or structure–quantitative (it can be measured) (e.g., height, weight, head circumference)
How do we measure head circumference?
Tape measurement (globella or most prortuded part of forehead, and then it should cross across the occipital protuberance and then goes back to the golbella)
Hanggang kelan ba lumalaki ang head circumference?
20-21 years old
What is development?
Quantitative and qualitative changes that occure throughout life. These are refinement of skills.
What is adaptation?
These are changes in response to the environment or situation demands
Why do we need to adapt?
For survival (e.g., skin color, antibody formation)
What is assimilation?
Assimilation is application of past information to new information (e.g., using concepts learned from undergrad → boards review)
What is accommodation?
Accommodation is alteration of past information in light of new information (e.g., eat a watermelon seed)
What is fetal age?
Age of fetus
There are two ways to get the fetal age, what are they?
Gestational age
Conceptional age
What is gestational age?
Also known as age of gestation (AOG), measured from the first after the last menstruation.
This is the most common indicator of fetal age
This is the most common indicator of fetal age. What is this called?
Gestational age
What are the terms used in gestational age? Their week counts?
Normal term (38 - 42 weeks)
Pre-term < 38 weeks
Post-term > 42 weeks
What is conceptional age?
Age of conception/AOC
Measured from the last sexual intercourse
Considered as the most accurate
What is chronologic age?
Age counted from birth
What is the adjusted age?
Used to assess which milestones are expected of a preterm infant
How do we compute the adjusted age?
Chronological age in months - 40 weeks - AOG (age of gestation) / 4 weeks
Chronological age (weeks - (40 weeks - AOG)
You have a 9-month old px born at the 25th week of gestation
9 months - (40 weeks - 24 weeks/4 weeks)
9 months - (16 weeks/4 weeks)
9 months - 4 months
5 months
What is ovulation? It is triggered by?
- It is the formation of one or more egg cell
- Triggers by luteinizing hormone
What is ovum?
Product of a 28-day ovarian cycle (ovum is synonymous to egg cell)
What is fertilization?
- Chromosomal union of the sperm cell and egg cell (the egg cell and sperm cell unite, haploid cells)
What is zygote? When is it called zygote?
Fertilized egg cell
We call it zygote from fertilization → implantation
What is morula?
It is spherical ball of cell undergoing rapid mitosis
What is blastocyst?
Advanced form of morula capable of implantation (implanted at the uterus)