RESEARCH METHODS- Experimental methods

Question 1

LAB: Where are lab studies conducted?

Answer 1

in a controlled enviroment

Question 2

LAB: What do researchers do to look for cause-and-effect relationships?

Answer 2

The independent variable is directly manipulated by the experimenter and the effect of this is measured by the dependent variable

Question 3

LAB: Are the participants aware they are in a study?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

LAB: True or false
Are participants randomly allocated to the experimental conditions

Answer 4

True

Question 5

LAB: Give an example of a lab study

Answer 5

Peterson and Peterson’s study on the duration of STM

Question 6

LAB: Give 2 advantages

Answer 6

Easily replicated- reliable and valid
Cause and effect can be determined

Question 7

LAB: Give 2 disadvantages

Answer 7

Setting is artificial- lacks ecological validity + mundane realsism
Demand characteristics

Question 8

Field: Where are these experiments carried out?

Answer 8

In an enviroment natural to its participants

Question 9

Field: Can the cause-and-effect relationship be determined?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Field: Which type of variables are difficult to control

Answer 10

Extraneous

Question 11

Field: Are participants usually aware of the study?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Field: Give an example

Answer 12

Pilivian et al New York Subway Good Samaritan study

Question 13

Field: Give 3 advantages

Answer 13

Higher ecological validity than lab experiments
Lower chance of demand characteristics
Cause and effect relationships can be determined

Question 14

Field: Give 3 disadvantages

Answer 14

Less control over evs
Difficult to replicate
Can be very time consuming

Question 15

Natural: Where are natural experiments conductecd?

Answer 15

In a natural enviroment

Question 16

Natural: How does the IV occur and is it manipulated ?

Answer 16

Naturally and no

Question 17

Natural: Can the cause-and-effect relationship be established?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Natural: Are the participants aware of the study?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Natural: Give an example

Answer 19

Yuile and Cutshall

Question 20

Natural: Give advantages

Answer 20

High ecological validity
Useful for when it is impossible/unethical to manipulate the IV

Question 21

Natural: Give disadvantages

Answer 21

Less control over the EVs
Less control over the sample
Hard to replicate
Difficult to determine cause and effect

Question 22

Quasi: When are these used?

Answer 22

When the researcher is interested in independent variables that cannot be randomly assigned

Question 23

Quasi: What is the IV usually?

Answer 23

An innate characteristic that cannot change such as gender

Question 24

Quasi: Give an example

Answer 24

Sheridan +king on male and female obedience

Question 25

Quasi: GIve an advantage

Answer 25

Useful when it’s unethical to manipulate the IV
Studies the ‘real effects’ so there is increased realism and ecological validaty

Question 26

Quasi: Give a disadvantage

Answer 26

confounding environmental variables are more likely= less reliable
Must wait for the IV to occur
Can only be used where conditions vary naturally
Aware they’re studied= less internal validaty