Attachment- Cultural variations in attachment Flashcards

Question

How many studies did Sweedon have?

Answer 1

S- 57% IA-35 IR-8

Answer 2

S-75 IA-22 IR-3

Answer 3

S-67 IA-26 IE-7

Answer 4

S-74 IA-22 IR-4

Answer 5

S-64 IA-7 IR-29

Answer 6

S-58 IA-5 IR-27

Answer 7

S-50 IA-25 IR-25

Answer 8

S-65 IA-21 IR-14

Answer 9

S-65 IA-21 IR-14

Answer 10

-Very low amount of secure attachments (lower than avergae) -Higher than average insecure attachments

Answer 11

-Used to describe the use of a technique designed in one cultural but imposed on another

Answer 12

-Based on the strange situation -Comparisons made are therefore using a standardised procedure -As long as all the researchers used the SS as it was initially used, they should all have controlled variables -Different researchers' findings can be compared -32 studies were assessed, across 8 different countries, looking at nearly 2000 infants -A large sample increases the reliability of the findings -Although confounding variables may have been present -Different countries may have performed the Strange Situation with a varied methodology -This means that the findings may lack validity

Answer 13

-Not globally representitive -Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg recognised that data from less Western-oriented cultures were required to establish a more global perspective attachment classifications - Africa, South America, and Eastern European socialist countries were not represented -Although they did include collectivist and individualistic cultures were compared so the aim to investigate inter cultural differences (cultures between countries) was achieved but not intra cultural differences -For example, not all children in israel would have been brought up in kibbutzs so there may have been higher proportions of secure attachments elsewhere in the country -Overall it is underepresentitve

Answer 14

-Overall findings are misleading - As a disproportionately high number of the studies reviewed were conducted in the USA (18/32), the overall findings would have been distorted by these. -This means that the apparent consistency between cultures might not genuinely reflect how much attachment types vary between cultures.

Answer 15

-Applying Strange Situation procedures and behavioural categories is ethnocentric -Cross-cultural research using the Strange Situation judges and categorises infant behaviour according to behavioural categories that were developed following observations of middle-class American infants. - This means that when researchers interpret non-American infant behaviour, it is being judged against an American standard. Eg. an infant exploring the playroom by themselves would be classed as avoidant based on American standards but is valued as reflecting independence in Germany

Answer 16

-Patterns of attachment across cultures (inter-cultural differences) appear to be similar to that of the original data (USA and UK) -secure attachment is the most common attachment type (the 'norm')

Answer 17

-secure attachment is required for healthy social and emotional development Attachment is an innate process

Answer 18

-There was a wide variation between the attachment types in different studies -All countries showed securely attached as the most common classification (this varied from 75% in the UK to 50% in China) -In individualist cultures (such as the UK and the US), insecure-resistant attachment was under 14% of infants assessed (similar to Ainsworth's original sample) -Individualistic cultures had high levels of resistant-avoidant attachment -In collectivist cultures (such as China and Japan), insecure-resistant attachment was above 25% of infants assessed -Variation in results of intra-cultural studies was 150% greater than in inter-cultural studies where variation was small

Attachment- Cultural variations in attachment Flashcards

(47 cards)