ATTACHMENT scahfferes stages of attachment essay plan

Question 1

AO1:What did schaffer and emmerson do in 1964 ?

Answer 1

Conducted an observational study in Glasgow, Scotland of 60 infants from working-class families

Question 2

AO1:What is the first stage and what does it involve?

Answer 2

-Asocial stage (0-2 months)
-Infants produce the same response to most objects

Question 3

AO1:What is the second stage and what does it involvce

Answer 3

-Indiscriminate stage (2-7 months)
-They are more social and prefer human company over non-human company
- They begin to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar company but do not show stranger anxiety yet

Question 4

AO1: What is the third stage of attachment and what does it involve?

Answer 4

-Specific stage (7-12 months)
-They distinctly protest when the primary caregiver parts from them (separation anxiety)
-The intensity of signals is more important than the quantity of them

Question 5

What is the 4th stage of attachment and what does it involve?

Answer 5

-Multiple stages (12+ months)
-They start to form secondary attachments with siblings, relatives and friends

Question 6

AO1: what happens between 25 and 32 and 40 weeks?

Answer 6

-Around 50% of babies showed signs of separation anxiety towards a particular adult (specific attachment)
-This attachment tended to be to the caregiver who was the most interactive and sensitive to the infant’s signals and facial expressions (reciprocity)
-By the age of 40 weeks 80% of babies had a specific attachment and 30% had multiple attachments

Question 7

AO3: Give an evaluation point (limitation)

Answer 7

-limitation=very limited sample
The sample was 60 babies from the same class (working class) and city (Glasgow)
-Generalises and not all children will behave like this

Question 8

AO3: Give an evaluation point (Strength)

Answer 8

-Strenth=longitudnal study
-Can compare how children have developed at different points in the study
-Can study the children over a long period of time
-Can gather more data and check if it is consistent or not

Question 9

AO3:Give an evaluation point (limitation)

Answer 9

-Limintation=outdated
-Different types of families have arisen since 1964
-Gay marriages/relationships have also become more common
-The changing role of women, they don’t rely on their husbands as much
-Research is inaccurate as family dynamics have changed

Question 10

AO3:Give an Evaluation point (Limitation)

Answer 10

-Data may be unreliable
-Was based on the mothers self-reporting so they could be providing inaccurate information which could make it biased and affect the validity