RESEARCH METHODS- ETHICS Flashcards
What are the BPS ethical guidelines and what is their purpose?
-To guide all members of the society in their day-to-day professional conduct
What are the 4 primary ethical principles?
-Respect
-competence
-Responsibility
-Integrity
What is the cost-benefit analysis?
A systematic approach to estimating the negatives and positives of any research
What is informed consent?
-When participants are fully informed of the objectives of the research
When is parental consent used?
-For children under the age of 16
-When the child can fully understand their consent needs to be gained as well
Give 2 examples of research without informed consent
-Harlows monkeys
-Johnson and Scott
Give an example of research where informed consent is used
-Ainsworth
How should you gain informed consent?
-Tell them exactly what is going to happen during the study and what will be done with the results
What are the 3 other types of consent?
-Presumptive consent
-Prior general consnet
-Retrospective consent
What is presumptive consent?
-Consent gained from people of a similar background to participants in the study
-If they give consent then it is assumed that all of the participants would give consent
What is the issue with presumptive consent?
-They are not directly asking the participant
What is prior general consent?
-Involves participants agreeing to be deceived without knowing how or hwne this will occur
What is a problem with prior general consent
Demand characteristics, know what to expect so they will change their behaviours making results less valid
What is retrospective consent?
where the participant gives consent for their data to be used in the research once they’ve taken part and have been debriefed
What is the problem with retrospective consent
They may not have been aware of their participation or they may have been subject to deception.
What s the right to withdraw?
-The right to leave an experiment at any time regardless weather a payment s being given
-They should be are that they can withdraw their data at any point n the future
Give 2 examples of study’s that did not obey by the right to withdraw
-Zimbardo
-Milgram
Define deception
-Misleading participants if they are likely to later object or show unease
-intentionally deceiving participants about the nature of experiments
-Must debrief the participants if your are intentionally deceive them
Give an example of a research study here the participants were deceived
Asch
What s protection from harm?
The responsibility of protecting their participants from physical and emotional harm during a study
Give an example where the participants ere not protected from harm
Zimbardo
What is debriefing?
-All relevant details of the study should be explained to the participants after the study
-Should be done when informed consent has not been gained
Give some examples here debriefing is used
-Milgram
-Johnson+scott
-Zimbardo
What is confidentially?
-Participants data should not be disclosed unless t s agreed
-Anonymity= hen there name is not provided by the researcher
What s competency of researcher and colleagues?
-Investigators have the responsibility’s for ethical treatment of participants
-If a researcher thinks a colleague may be conducting unethical research they must tell them
-A researcher should be qualified and competent to carry out work
What must your proposal outline?
-Aims +procedure for research
-Procedure
-Information about collecting/using supporting ppts
-How you will collect/ analyse/ store data
