RESEARCH METHODS- ETHICS

Question 1

What are the BPS ethical guidelines and what is their purpose?

Answer 1

-To guide all members of the society in their day-to-day professional conduct

Question 2

What are the 4 primary ethical principles?

Answer 2

-Respect
-competence
-Responsibility
-Integrity

Question 3

What is the cost-benefit analysis?

Answer 3

A systematic approach to estimating the negatives and positives of any research

Question 4

What is informed consent?

Answer 4

-When participants are fully informed of the objectives of the research

Question 5

When is parental consent used?

Answer 5

-For children under the age of 16
-When the child can fully understand their consent needs to be gained as well

Question 6

Give 2 examples of research without informed consent

Answer 6

-Harlows monkeys
-Johnson and Scott

Question 7

Give an example of research where informed consent is used

Answer 7

-Ainsworth

Question 8

How should you gain informed consent?

Answer 8

-Tell them exactly what is going to happen during the study and what will be done with the results

Question 9

What are the 3 other types of consent?

Answer 9

-Presumptive consent
-Prior general consnet
-Retrospective consent

Question 10

What is presumptive consent?

Answer 10

-Consent gained from people of a similar background to participants in the study
-If they give consent then it is assumed that all of the participants would give consent

Question 11

What is the issue with presumptive consent?

Answer 11

-They are not directly asking the participant

Question 12

What is prior general consent?

Answer 12

-Involves participants agreeing to be deceived without knowing how or hwne this will occur

Question 13

What is a problem with prior general consent

Answer 13

Demand characteristics, know what to expect so they will change their behaviours making results less valid

Question 14

What is retrospective consent?

Answer 14

where the participant gives consent for their data to be used in the research once they’ve taken part and have been debriefed

Question 15

What is the problem with retrospective consent

Answer 15

They may not have been aware of their participation or they may have been subject to deception.

Question 16

What s the right to withdraw?

Answer 16

-The right to leave an experiment at any time regardless weather a payment s being given
-They should be are that they can withdraw their data at any point n the future

Question 17

Give 2 examples of study’s that did not obey by the right to withdraw

Answer 17

-Zimbardo
-Milgram

Question 18

Define deception

Answer 18

-Misleading participants if they are likely to later object or show unease
-intentionally deceiving participants about the nature of experiments
-Must debrief the participants if your are intentionally deceive them

Question 19

Give an example of a research study here the participants were deceived

Answer 19

Asch

Question 20

What s protection from harm?

Answer 20

The responsibility of protecting their participants from physical and emotional harm during a study

Question 21

Give an example where the participants ere not protected from harm

Answer 21

Zimbardo

Question 22

What is debriefing?

Answer 22

-All relevant details of the study should be explained to the participants after the study
-Should be done when informed consent has not been gained

Question 23

Give some examples here debriefing is used

Answer 23

-Milgram
-Johnson+scott
-Zimbardo

Question 24

What is confidentially?

Answer 24

-Participants data should not be disclosed unless t s agreed
-Anonymity= hen there name is not provided by the researcher

Question 25

What s competency of researcher and colleagues?

Answer 25

-Investigators have the responsibility’s for ethical treatment of participants
-If a researcher thinks a colleague may be conducting unethical research they must tell them
-A researcher should be qualified and competent to carry out work

Question 26

What must your proposal outline?

Answer 26

-Aims +procedure for research
-Procedure
-Information about collecting/using supporting ppts
-How you will collect/ analyse/ store data