Research Methods

Question 1

Experimenter must ensure EV’s are minimised by…

Answer 1

o Considering how sample obtained and how participants allocated
o Considering experimental design used
o Considering how to minimise effect of participant and experimenter expectations

Question 2

Confounding/uncontrolled variable:

Answer 2

when EV has confounding effect on the results

Question 3

Reasons extraneous and confounding variables may occur

Answer 3

 Artificiality

 Demand characteristics

 Non-standardised procedures:

Question 4

Single-blind procedure:

Answer 4

when participants do not know whether they have been assigned to control or experimental group

Question 5

Double-blind procedure

Answer 5

• Single-blind procedure may help to balance impact of participants’ expectations on results
  o Experimenters still know which group is which in single-blind procedure
  o Experimenter’s behaviour towards groups (body language, verbal cues and preferential treatment) may influence results of study

Question 6

Subjective data

Answer 6

data collected through observations of behaviour, or information based on participants’ self-reports

Question 7

Objective data

Answer 7

data collected under controlled conditions and are easily measured and compared with other data

Question 8

Qualitative data:

Answer 8

that describe changes in quality of behaviour and often expressed in words

Question 9

Quantitative data

Answer 9

takes numerical or categorical form and can be statistically analysed and readily measured and compared with other data

Question 10

Variability

Answer 10

data by looking at how data are spread

Question 11

Standard deviation

Answer 11

explores variability of data by looking at how far each individual piece of data differs from the mean

Question 12

Participants’ rights

Answer 12

	Confidentiality
	Voluntary participation:
	Withdrawal rights:  
	Informed consent: 
	Deception
	Debriefing