3B Society: Culture Flashcards
1
Q
Normality
A
- Depends on 5 things:
- > Behaviour that is acceptable for the time and place
- > Behaviour that allows a person to function independently
- > Situationally appropriate
- > Does not have a medical diagnosis
- > Statistical average
2
Q
Abnormality
A
- Having dysfunctional thoughts, feelings and behaviours that interfere with everyday life
- Impedes a persons ability to look after themselves
- Psychologists have theories that can differentiate b/w normal and abnormal in relation to physical and mental development.
- Mental Development requires assessment of peoples personality, thoughts and feelings to gain insight into what is causing odd behaviours
3
Q
Cultural Influences on mental health
A
- Beliefs about abnormalities differ b/w cultures and sub cultures
- Cultural relativism: principle that an individual human’s belief and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individuals own cultures
- What is considered normal in 1 may be seen as abnormal in another
- Based on different cultures
- Differences in ways people experience mental disorders
- > Some groups and sub cultures value showing emotions
- > Others emphasize containment
4
Q
Western Cultures On mental health
A
- Makes a number of assumptions about psychological states
- > Physical and psychological components of a disorder are separate
- > emotional aspects given primacy
- > Mental illness caused by psychological conditions, can be treated by psychological processes
- > An individual self exists which is experienced as whole, continous over time, distinct and unique
- Values and stress have created more and different disorders in Western societies
- Eating disorders in Western countries
- High suicide rates in Japan
5
Q
Preventing Mental Health Problems
A
- Can prevent mental health by:
- > collecting data on prevalence of mental health
- > developing and delivering programs
- > assessing the psychological needs and functions of people at risk of dev.
- Young people are more at risk developing mental health problems
- Australian government has:
- > promoting young people’s wellbeing
- > Preventing mental health problems
- > Intervening early with diagnosis
- > Supporting young people in crisis
- > Supporting the management of people w/ mental health problems
6
Q
Treating Mental Health Problems
A
- Psychologists treat people with:
- > serious mental health issues
- > Personality disorders
- > Health problems e.g depression, anxiety, phobias
- Work with individuals, couples families and groups.
7
Q
Cognitive Behaviour Theory
A
- Changes a person’s dysfunctional thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviours into those that are more helpful.
- Used to treat schizophrenia (limited success), reduces symptoms, used with medication
- Used to treat depression, changes negative thoughts to positive thoughts
- Thinking can change behaviour
- Helps identify and change negative thinking associated with depressed feelings
- Focus on the positive things
- Helps manage the person’s problems
- Regular appointments that become less frequent over time
8
Q
Psychodynamic Theory
A
- Insight orientated therapy
- Focuses on unconscious processes as they are manifested in a person’s present behaviour
- Goal is to increase a client’s self-awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on present behaviour
- Based on the assumption that all mental disorders are caused by unresolved psychological conflicts that occur in the unconscious part of the mind.
- Expect clients w/ depression to gain awareness of losts in their lives, cope w/ losses more effectively and make corresponding changes in their functions
- Enables clients to examine unresolved conflicts and symptoms that arise from past dysfunctional relationships
- Can see how they manifest themselves in the need and desire to abuse substances
- 2 years
9
Q
Differences Between Psychodynamic and CBT
A
- Duration
- > CBT is 8-12
- > Psycho is several years
Degree of structure
- > CBT has set plans and goals for each session
- > Psycho is not focused, depends on what the person feels like
Focus on Present Vs Past
- > CBT focus on present time thoughts and behaviours to change and be more adaptive
- > Psycho is focused on past exp.
Role of Therapist
- > CBT relationship w/ therapist is considered important for success
- > Psychodynamic, clients relationship w/ therapist is a specific focus of the therapy
Use of Homework
- > Homework activities practiced is central to CBT to learn new skills and behav.
- > Not used by psycho
10
Q
Reducing Stigma of Mental illness
A
Stigmatisation:
-> Being marked different from others
Mental Illness:
- > Impaired functioning socially and emotionally
- > Made waste by stigma and confusion around mental illness
People w/ Mental illness and Disability
-> Requires support and assistance in living and working in community
Reducing Stigma
-> Changing the communities negative attitude towards these people and families
11
Q
Reducing Stigma of Mental Illness and Disability
A
- Reduce stigmatization and discrimination
- > promote good mental health
- > Prevent dev. of mental disease
- > Provide support
- > Early intervention for mental illness
- > Early support for disability
12
Q
Intellectual Disability
A
- IQ lower than 70
- Diagnosed before age of 18
- Generally need support for daily activities
- Caused by genetic factors / physical factors at birth
