3A/B Psych Others: Social Psychology ( Group Behaviour) Flashcards
1
Q
Group
A
- 2 or more ppl
- Interact w/ and influence each other
- Share a common purpose
2
Q
Group Co-operation
A
- Interaction and influence of other ppl
- Share a common goal
3
Q
Behaviour in Groups
A
- Behave differently in groups compared to when by self.
- Due to presence of others
–> Can heighten arousal & diminish responsibility
4
Q
Group Behaviour
A
- Deindividuation
- > Abandoning usual constraints to join in group behaviour
- > Due to anonymity and shift in attention
5
Q
Zimbardo on Group Behaviour
A
- Anonymity
- Examined impact of de-individuation on students willingness to deliver electric shocks
- Compared behaviour of college students w/
- >
- Identities concealed, wore same clothes
- >
- Normal Clothing and name tags
Results
- > Anonymous students prep. to deliver stronger shocks
- > Due to power on individual normals being undermined by being unidentifiable
6
Q
De-individuation Experiment
A
- Reicher (1987)
- Increases awareness of social norms
- Positive social norms = positive group behaviour
- Johnson and Downing (1979)
- Two groups of participants
- > Nurse uniforms and KKK robes
- 1/2 in each group had face seen ( individuated group)
- 1/2 in each group had faces hidden ( de-individuated group)
- Participants could increase/ decrease shocks given
- -> Nurses: behaved in caring norms of group
- -> KKK: Behavied in manners of group
Results
-> De-individuation increased behaviour as the group would have
7
Q
Co-operation in groups
A
- Groups need to work together to achieve desired outcome
- Can arise when group conflict & group doesnt work together
8
Q
Competition in Groups
A
- Reduce group cohesion
- Hinders effort to achieve group goals
- Increase group solidarity
- Leads to inter-group hostility
9
Q
Brainstorming
A
- Groups can do most tasks better / faster
- Individuals bring unique skills, provide encouragement, support
10
Q
Communication
A
- Thought that groups can generate more ideas / products faster
- Not always the case:
- > Ppl easily distracted
- > One person in charge
- > One person able to talk at 1 time
11
Q
Closeness
A
- How much a person feels apart of group will impact how they behave
- Apart: go along w/ behaviours
- Distanced; Might not join in group behaviour
12
Q
Social Loafing
A
- Putting less effort into activity when in a group then when functioning alone
- May feel less accountable in a group
- Feel effort not important
- Can be reduced by:
- > Task is interesting
- > Members motivated
- > Contribution = essential for success
- > Performance monitored
- > Individual identify strongly w/ group
13
Q
Alan Ingham
A
- Social Loafing
- > Blind folded students to pull on a rope
- > Thought they were apart of a 3 person team
- > Only put in 82% effort
- > Individuals feel less accountable
14
Q
Continuity of Relationships
A
- State of relationship over a period of time
- Free from disruption
- > Stable relo. = cohesive group behaviour
- > Friction = effect on group behaviour
15
Q
Group Cohesiveness
A
- Groups need to be organised
- Tasks and roles assigned
- Known strengths and weaknesses
- Encourage co-operation
