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FEB 2019 PTRP > Research > Flashcards

Research Flashcards

1
Q

3 factors involved in a evidence based practice

A

Expertise
Evidence
Patients

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2
Q

Type of research that stablish cause and effect relationship

A

True experimental research

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3
Q

Criterias of true experimental group

A

Controlled and the experimental group
Researcher manipulated group
Randominization

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4
Q

If one or more of the criteria of true experimental research is not met.

A

Quasi experimental research

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5
Q

Most commonly not attained criteria to fall under Quasi experimental research

A

Randominization

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6
Q

Type of research which describes characteristics, attitude, behavior, beliefs, manifestations

A

Non experimental descriptive

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7
Q

Type of research which describes connections or relationships between variables and it doesn’t manipulate parients

A

Non experimental exploratory

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8
Q

Type of research design that uses collection of several researches

A

Synthesized literature

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9
Q

2 types of synthesized literature

A

Systematic reviews

Meta analysis

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10
Q

Type of synthesized literature that focuses on comprehensive analysis of FULL RANGE LITERATURE

A

Systhematic reviews

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11
Q

Type of synthesized literature that uses statistical combination of several researches

Higher level if validity

A

Meta analysis

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12
Q

2 types of Qualitative research designs

A

Phenomenology

Ethnography

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13
Q

Type of Qualitative research design that focuses on specific events

A

Phenomenology

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14
Q

Type of Qualitative research design that focuses on ethnicity
Describes culture, traditions, attitude, and beliefs
+SITE VISIT
It relates health conditions with their ethnics

A

Ethnography

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15
Q

6 types of Quantitative research designs

A 
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Cohort/follow up study
Case control
Cross sectional
Longitudinal 
Singke subject design
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16
Q

Gold standard of all experimental researches

High validity

A true experimental research

A

Randomized controlled trial

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17
Q

Prospective study
Subjects may NOT HAVE the disorder yet
Waits for the future results

A

Cohort/Follow-up study

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18
Q

Retrospective study

Subjects may already HAVE the disorder

A

Case control

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19
Q

Studies group of subjects at specific point in time

A

Cross sectional

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20
Q

Studies SERIES of cohort studies or follow up studies

Example: milestones

A

Longitudinal

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21
Q

Studies effectiveness of a specific intervention

A

Single subject design

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22
Q

Single subject design for effectiveness of a specific intervention

A

A-B

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23
Q

Single subject design for the duration of effectiveness

+wash out period(no tx)

A

A-B-A

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24
Q

Single subject design
if the independent variable is the direct cause of change in the dependent variable.
Identifying if there is a intervening variables

A

A-B-A-B

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25
Q

Building blocks of a research title or research question

A

Variables

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26
Q

Cause
Makes change
Intervention or treatment

AKA predictor variable

A

Independent variable

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27
Q

Effect
The one that will change

AKA target variable

A

Dependent variable

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28
Q

Decreases validity of the research

AKA unaccounted variable/covariable

A

Intervening variable

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29
Q

Educated guess

A

Hypothesis

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30
Q

A hypothesis that does not expect/assume

More on negative

A

Null hypothesis

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31
Q

A hypothesis that expects/assume

More on positive

A

Alternative hypothesis

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32
Q

Type of error when the researcher rejects the null when its in fact it is true
Implications: giving a tx that is NOT REALLY EFFECTIVE

A

Type I error

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33
Q

Type of error when the researcher accepts the null when it is false
Implications: ignoring a tx that is REALLY EFFECTIVE

A

Type II error

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34
Q

Weakest or lowest data type
Ex. Gender, blood type, course

AKA classificatory scale

A

Nominal data

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35
Q

Rank ordered category
Every rank has its own description

Ex. Mmt grade, pain scale, fim, borg scale(Likert scale)

A

Ordinal data

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36
Q

Rank order with known distance
No absolute Zero(can extend beyond zero)

Ex. Temperature

A

Interval data

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37
Q

True absolute Zero
Highest level
Zero means nothing

Ex. Height, weight,age, length

A

Ratio

38
Q

Representative of the population

A

Sample

39
Q

2 types of sampling

A

Probability sampling technique

Non probability sampling technique

40
Q

4 types of probability sampling

A

Simple random sampling
Stratified random sampling
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling

41
Q

Classic fishbowl technique

All have EQUAL chance of being a part of the sample

A

Simple random sampling

42
Q

+Layers/group
All have chance but UNEQUAL
Divided according to characteristics

A

Stratified random sampling

43
Q

Sampling interval
Every _nth
UNEQUAL chance

A

Systematic sampling

44
Q

For large populations
UNEQUAL chance
Divided into groups regardless of characteristics

A

Cluster sampling

45
Q

4 types of Non probability sampling

A

Convinience sampling
Purposive sampling
Snowball sampling
Quota sampling

46
Q

Sample is chosen based on availability

A

Convinience sampling

47
Q

+criteria

A

Purposive sampling

48
Q

Criteria-> chain referral

A

Snow ball sampling

49
Q

Proportions

A

Quota sampling

50
Q

Refers to Correctness, appropriateness

A

Validity

51
Q

2 types of validity

A

Internal

External

52
Q

Independent variable is the direct cause of change in dependent variables with NO intervening variable

Ex. US

A

Internal validity

53
Q

Ability to generalize the research to the general population with same characteristics

Ex. Intervention is applied to other patients =same effects

A

External validity

54
Q

Threats to internal validity

A

Hawthorne effect
Placebo effect
Carry over effect

55
Q

A threat to internal validity the Tendency to perform better because they are being observed

A

Hawthorne effect

56
Q

A threat to internal validity the Tendency to report better due to a sham tx(false)
Purely psychological

A

Placebo effect

57
Q

A threat to internal validity Due to multiple tx intervention
Many intervening variables

A

Carry over effect

58
Q

Threats to external validity

A

Interaction of tx and selection
Interaction of tx and setting
Interaction of tx and history

59
Q

Refers to consistency, reproducibility, free from error

A

Reliability

60
Q

Reliability of 2 or more raters in a single trial

A

Intertester reliability

61
Q

Reliability of 1 rater in a multiple trials

A

Intratester reliability

62
Q

Reliability from the stability of the outcome measure

A

Test-retest reliability

63
Q

Ability to obtain a positive result when the condition is present

A

True positive

64
Q

Ability to obtain a negative result when the condition is really absent

A

True negative

65
Q

If the test has high ______ a NEGATIVE result RULE OUT diagnosis

A

Sensitivity

66
Q

If a test has high ______ a POSITIVE result RULES IN the diagnosis

A

Sensitivity

67
Q

Measures of central tendency

A

Mean
Median
Mode

68
Q

Average score

A

Mean

69
Q

Divides the scores into 2 halves

A

Median

70
Q

Most frequent score in a distribution

A

Mode

71
Q

Measures of variables

A

Range
Standard
Variance

72
Q

Difference of the highest and lowest scores

A

Range

73
Q

Difference around the mean

A

Standard deviation

74
Q

Difference among the scores

A

Varience

75
Q

Normal distribution bell curve

A

Mesokurtic curve

76
Q

Far apart bell curve

A

Platykurtic curve

77
Q

Bell curve that has a concentrated distribution on one side

A

Leptokurtic curve

78
Q

Tail to the right

Majority are below average

A

Positively skewed

79
Q

Tail to the left

Majority are below average

A

Negatively skewed

80
Q

Ratio and interval

A

Parametric

81
Q

Nominal and ordinal

A

Nonparametric

82
Q

2 types of transformation tests

A

Brush

Rasch

83
Q

Converts interval to ordinal

A

Brush

Code: BIO ROI

84
Q

Converts ordinal to interval

A

Rasch

Code: BIO ROI

85
Q

Called the predictor variable

A

Independent variable

86
Q

Ability to generalize the research to the general population with the same characteristics

A

External validity

87
Q

To meet the definition of reliable a test must be both what

A

Consistent

Free from error

88
Q

To compare a distribution

A

Pie graph

89
Q

To illustrate a change in the variables

A

Line graph

90
Q

To illustrate a larger change in the variables

A

Bar graph

91
Q

If you want to graphically illustrate the relationship of two variables.Which type of graph would you select?

A

Scatter plot

92
Q

A px uses a self administered assessment tool as a method to record daily progress. What type of reliability?

A

Intratester

FEB 2019 PTRP (29 decks)

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