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FEB 2019 PTRP > Cardiac Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The heart rests on the

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

Mass of tissue extending from sternum to vertebral column b/w the 2 lungs

A

Mediastinum

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3
Q

Orientation of the base of the heart

A

Posterior
Superior
Points to the right

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4
Q

Orientation of the apex of the heart

A

Anteriorly
Inferiorly
Points to the left

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5
Q

Fibrous connective sac that encloses the heart

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium(outermost layer)

2. Serous pericardium(innermost layer)

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7
Q

What are the 2 functions of the fibrous pericardium the outer most layer of the pericardium?

A
  1. Prevents the heart from over stretching

2. Anchors the heart from the mediastinum

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8
Q

What is the 2 layers of the serous pericardium the inner most layer of the pericardium?

A
  1. Visceral serous pericardium(“epicardium”)
    • adheres tightly in the heart(huggy bear)
  2. Parietal serous pericardium
    • outermost layer of the serous pericardium
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9
Q

Pericardial fluids fxn,location and normal value

A

Lubricates the heart to dec. friction
Located b/w parietal and visceral serous pericardium
Normal value= 50ml

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10
Q

Decrease pericardial fluid will lead to

A

(+)Pericardial friction rub (+)pain =Pericarditis

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11
Q

Increase pericardial fluid will lead to

A

Cardiac tamponade
(-)pain
Inability to pump blood leading to cardiac arrest

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12
Q

Forms the apex of the heart

A

L ventricle

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13
Q

Opening of the interatrial septum of a fetal heart that normaly closes after birth

A

Foramen ovale

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14
Q

Remnant of the foramen ovale

An oval depression on the interatrial septum

A

Fossa ovalis

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15
Q

Ridges of cardiac muscle fiber in the ventricles

A

Trabeculae carnae

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16
Q

Cone shaped structure of the trabeculae carnae this is where the chordae tendinae are attached and to the valves

A

Papillary ms

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17
Q

Deoxyginated blood flow inside the heart

A 
SVC and IVC
R atrium
tricuspid valve
R ventricle
Pulmonic valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
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18
Q

Oxygenated blood flow inside the heart

A 
Pulmonary vein
L atrium
Bicuspid valve/mitral valve
L ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
System
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19
Q

S1 heart sound

A 
LUBB(closure of AV valves "inlet")
Audible thru a stethoscope 
Longer 
Louder
Lower in pitch
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20
Q

S2 heart sound

A

DUBB(closure of the SL valves “outlet”)
Audible thru a stethoscope
Shorter
Not as loud as S1

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21
Q

S3 heart sound

A

Rapid filling of the ventricles

Cannot be heard thru a steth, if yes its considered as a pathological sound(+) CHF/Ventricular gallop

Can be heard thru phonocardiogram

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22
Q

S4

A

Atrial systole/Atrial kick

25% of the remaining blood at the atrium are pumped to the ventricle

Cannot be heard thru a steth, if yes its considered as a pathological sound (+) MI , HTN

Can be heard thru phonocardiogram

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23
Q

2 great controlling centers of the heart

A

ANS

  • Sympa
  • Para

Conducting system

  • SA node/Sinus node
  • AV node/junctional node
  • Bundle of HIS
  • Purkenji fiber
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24
Q

Primary pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node/Sinus node

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25
Q

Initiates depolarization

A

SA node/Sinus node

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26
Q

Location of the SA node and its specific location

A

R atrium

Superior septal wall of the R atrium immediately below slightly lateral to the opening of superior vena cava

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27
Q

Most common site for heart block(delayed elec. conduction)

A

AV node

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28
Q

Location of AV node

A

Behind the tricuspid valve

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29
Q

Location of bundle of HIS

A

Interventricular septum

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30
Q

Largest pacemaker of the heart

A

Purkenji fiber

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31
Q

Location of purkenji fiber

A

Surrounds the 2 ventricles

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32
Q

Most affected structure in R coronary artery occlution

A

SA node = heart failure

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33
Q

Most affected structure in L coronary artery occlution

A

L ventricle = inability to pump blood to the system

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34
Q

Ventricular force required to open semilunar valves

A

After load

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35
Q

Highest arterial pressure and normal value

A

Systolic blood pressure

120 mmHg

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36
Q

Lowest arterial pressure and lowest pressure

A

Diastolic blood pressure

80 mmHg

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37
Q

Diff. b/w the systolic and diastolic pressure
Normal value?
Formula?

A

Pulse pressure
40mmHg
Sys-diastole

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38
Q

Amount of blood left after ventricular relaxation

Normal value?

A

End diastolic volume

120ml

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39
Q

Initial stretching of the heart

40
Q

Amt of bld left after ventricular contraction

Normal value?

A

End systolic volume

41
Q

Amt of bld pumped by the ventricles per contraction or beat

Normal value?

A

Stroke volume
70ml
EDV-ESV

42
Q

Amt of blood pumped by the ventricles per minute
Normal value?
Formula?

A

Cardiac output
4-6 liters(resting cardiac output) doubles when exercising
SVxHR

43
Q

Arterial pressure with respect to time
Average pressure of the large arteries
Normal value
Formula?

A

Mean arterial pressure(MAP)
93.33mmHg
Diastolic BP+1/3(PP)

44
Q

Atrial depolarization

45
Q

Ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

46
Q

Ventricular repolarization
Cell charge becomes (-)
Relaxation

47
Q

Beginning of the P wave/atrial depolarization/atrial contraction to the beginning of the QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction

A

PR interval most commonly called PQ interval

48
Q

Beginning of the QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction to the end of the T wave/ventricular depolarization/ventricular relaxation

A

QT interval

49
Q

End of the P wave/atrial depolarization/atrial contraction to the beginning of the QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction

A

PR segment

50
Q

End of QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction to the beginning of T wave/ventricular repolarization/ventricular relaxation

A

ST segment

51
Q

Prolonged P-R interval

A

Heart block

52
Q

Wide ,bizarre, odd, QRS complex

A

PVC(premature ventricular contraction)

Skipping heart beat

53
Q

ST segment elevation

A

Myocardial infarction

54
Q

ST segment depression

A

Myocardial ischemia

55
Q

Location of Atrial valve

A

3rd Left ICS(intercostal space)

56
Q

Loc of pulmonic valve

A

3rd Left CC(costal cartilage)

57
Q

Mitral valve location

A

4th left CC(costal cartilage)

58
Q

Location of tricuspid valve

A

4th Right ICS(intercostal cartilage)

59
Q

Loc of auscultation for aortic valve

A

2nd Right ICS , SB(sternal border)

60
Q

Loc of auscultation for pulmonic valve

A

2nd Left ICS,SB(sternal border)

61
Q

Loc of auscultation for mitral valve

A

5th Left midclavicular line

62
Q

Loc of auscultation for tricuspid valve

A

4th Left ICS, SB

63
Q

The ant surface of the heart is also called

A

Sternocosa l surface

64
Q

Forms the most anterior surface of the heart

65
Q

Post surface of the heart is also called

A

Base of the heart

66
Q

Forms the mos post surface of the heart

67
Q

Inferior surface of the heart is also called

A

Diaphragmatic surface

68
Q

Forms the apex of the heart

A

L ventricle

69
Q

Innominate artery

A

R brachiocephalic artery(no Left)

70
Q

Supplies the buttocks pelvis and genitals

A

Internal common iliac artery

71
Q

Also called the junctional node

72
Q

Most commonly occluded side of the coronary artery

A

L coronary artery

73
Q

Blood supply of the L ventricle

A

LADA(L ant. Descending artery)

Circumflex artery

74
Q

Resting membrane potential of cadiac ms

75
Q

Phase of depolarization
Inward current of Sodium(Na)
Pasok Na+

76
Q

Phase of initial repolarization
Decreased influx of Na+ (dt closure of opening
Outward current of potassium(k+) -so that cell will not burst
Labas K+

77
Q

Phase of Plateau
Maintained depolarization
Inward current of calcium(ca+) -makes it positive
Pasok ca+

78
Q

Phase of repolarization
Decreased influx of Ca+
Outward current of potassium
Labas k+

79
Q

Phase of resting membrane potential

Returns to -88mv

80
Q

During rapid feeling of the ventricles
75% of blood from atrias&raquo_space; ventricles passively done

1st third
Middle third
Last third of diastole

81
Q

During rapid feeling of the ventricles
Cont. blood flow from atrias» ventricles

1st third
Middle third
Last third of diastole

A

Middle third

82
Q

During rapid feeling of the ventricles
25% of blood from atrias»ventricle
+atrial systole/atrial kick

1st third
Middle third
Last third of diastole

A

Last third

83
Q

After load needed for pulmonic valve opening

84
Q

Afterload needed for aortic valve opening

85
Q

During the 1st third of ejection percentage of bld that goes to pulmo. Artery and aorta

86
Q

During the last 2/3 of ejection the percentage of blood that goes to the pulmo artery and aorta

87
Q

AV valves that are closed starts to open is during the period of what

A

Period of isovolumic relaxation

88
Q

A condition in which there is an increase in end systolic volume

A

Congestive hear failure

89
Q

Valve that is located at the 3rd Left ICS(intercostal space)

A

Aortic valve

90
Q

Valve located at the 3rd left CC(costal cartilage)

A

Pulmonic valve

91
Q

Valve that is located at the 4th Left CC(costal cartilage)

A

Mitral valve

92
Q

Valve that is located at the 4th Right ICS(intercostal space)

A

Tricuspid valve

93
Q

Auscultated valve over the 2nd Right Intercostal space ,SB(sternal notch)

A

Aortic valve

94
Q

Auscultated valve over the 2nd Left ICS, SB(sternal notch)

A

Pulmonic valve

95
Q

Auscultated valve over the 5th Left midclavicular line

A

Mitral valve

96
Q

Auscultated valve over the 4th Left ICS(intercostal space), SB

A

Tricuspid valve

FEB 2019 PTRP (29 decks)

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