Cardiovascular Cond. , Ax Flashcards
Clenched fist held over the chest dt chest pain
Levine sign
Innervation of the heart what level
C3-T4
Types of angina
- Chronic stable angina (“Predictable angina”)
- Unstable angina (“Pre-infarction angina/Progressive angina/cresendo angina”)
- Nocturnal angina
- Prinzmetal angina (“Variant angina”)
Type of angina that occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress
Chronic stable angina or Predictable angina
Type of angina that responds to rest and nitrates
Chronic stable anginal or Predictable angina
NITRATES Mode of administration? Maximal intake? Interval? Effect? Precaution?
Sublingual 3 tablets 5 mins Vasodilation Orthostatic hypotension
Type of angina that is contraindicated to exercise because it doesnt respond to rest and nitrates
Unstable angina or Pre-infarction angina or Progressive angina or crescendo angina
Exertion caused by dreams and common to CHF
Nocturnal angina
Type of angina that is purely dt vasospasm of coronary artery and more common in women
Prinzmetal angina
Signs and symptoms of heart dse
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- Dyspnea
- Cardiac syncope/fainting
- Cyanosis of lips toes and nailbeds
- Fatigue
Secondary to athero sclerosis affecting the entire coronary artery
A progressive dse
Coronary artery dse(CAD) or ischemic heart dse
Death of the myocardium
TRUE MI
Myocardial infarction or coronary occlusion
Characteristics of a TRUE MI
ST segment elevation
Increase cardiac enzymes
Inability of the ventricles to contract effectively
Most serious complication of myocardial infarction
Congestive heart failure or Cardiac decompensation
Inflammation of the heart covering
Pericarditis
Reliving factor/positions in pxs with pericarditis
Kneeling on all 4s(quadruped)
Leaning forward
-decreasing the cardiac work load
Constriction of proximal and distal aorta which increases BP esp. In the UE
Coarctation of aorta
Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta during fetal stage.
Ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallot(TOF)
Pulmonary artery stenosis
Overriding of the aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy “cor pulmonale”
True blue baby
Tetralogy of fallot(TOF)
Inability of the valves to open fully
Stenosis
Blood passes c difficulty
Stenosis
Inability of the valves to close fully
Insufficiency or Regurgitation
Theres a sudden back flow of blood
Insufficiency or regurgitation
Excessive bulging of the cusp of the valve
Prolapse
Most common valve that prolapse
Mitral or bicuspid valve
Mitral or bicuspid valve prolapse other names
Barlows syndrome
Floppy valve syndrome
Click murmur
1st cardiac enzyme to rise during heart attack
CK-MB ( creatine kinase - myocardial band ) 12-24 hrs
Diagnostic tool that assess the size of the heart
Chest X-ray
Diagnostic tool that assess the movement of the wall and the valves of the heart with the use of ultrasound
Echocardiogram
Insertion of a catheter via the Femoral artery at the level of inguinal and injects cinefluroscupy dye
For blood occlution
Cardiac catherization
Injection of a radioactive agent at the peak of the exercise
Uses treadmil
Thallium stress test or Nuclear stress test
Insertion of a catheter that measures pressure inside the heart
Central line or swan ganz catheter
Insertion of balloning tip catheter to remove accumulation of obstruction
PICA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Chest pain radiates to
L or R arm
What nerve distribution
L arm
Ulnar nerve distribution
Cardiac syncope
Fainting
Stimulates LDL receptors
Decrease estrogen
Single leg edema is caused by
PVD
Aggraviating factors for pericarditis
Trunk movements
Esp. Side to side
