Reptiles

Question 1

tuatara have a _____ skull

their zygomatic arch/bone is called _____

Answer 1

diapsid

jugal

Question 2

turtles have a _____ skull and they have no _____

Answer 2

anapsid

teeth

Question 3

lizards have a unique joint in their skull, the ______

they also don’t have the lower ______

Answer 3

frontopareital hinge joint

zygomatic/jugal joint

Question 4

lizards can move their _____ via movement of their snout ____ : the quadrate rotates ______. What other animal has a similar mechanism?

Answer 4

upper jaw

up

forward

birds

Question 5

what are the mammalian homologues of the quadrate and articular?

Answer 5

quadrate: incus
articular: maleus

both in the inner ear

Question 6

reptiles rotate their jaw about the _____ on the cranium and the ____ on the lower jaw

mammals rotate their jaw about the ____ on the cranium and the ____ on the lower jaw

Answer 6

quadrate

articular

temporal

dentary

Question 7

snakes do not have a ______ in their skull like lizards

both the upper and lower jaws of the snake lack ____

Answer 7

frontopareital hinge

symphyses

Question 8

lizards lack a _____, do they use _____ to respirate

Answer 8

diaphram

movement of ribs/ costal muscles

Question 9

crocodiles do not have a _____, but they do have _____ to help them breathe.

when the muscles contract, this pulls the liver _____: this is _____

when the muscles relax, this pulls the liver _____ : this is _____

Answer 9

diaphragm

diaphragmatic muscles and hepatic piston

back: inspiration
forward: expiration

Question 10

turtles do not have a _____, so they use ______ to breathe

Answer 10

diaphragm

limb motion and abdominal muscles

Question 11

snakes have 1 ______, and the rear portion is an ______. The cranial portion is the one involved with _____

Answer 11

lung, air sac, normal respiration

Question 12

male squamates have paired swellings called _____ that can be identified to sex them

Answer 12

hemipenes

Question 13

for reptiles, if a drug is easily excreted, why don’t you want to inject into the hindlimb?

Answer 13

because of the renal portal system: most blood from the hindlimbs passes through the kidney before going into systemic circulation so the drug can be excreted if it is injected caudal to the kidney

Question 14

amphibians have a _____ chambers heart

reptiles have a _____ chambered heart, except for the croc which has ____

Answer 14

3

3

4

Question 15

what is the specialized organ in snakes allowing them to smell their prey?

What area of the brain helps with this?

Answer 15

vomeronasal organ

accessory olfactory bulb

Question 16

in some reptile skulls there is a hole where the ______ would be. Why is this?

Answer 16

pineal gland

the pineal gland regulates circadian rhythms and sleep patterns so the hole is to make sure it gets access to sunlight