Nasal Cavity, Sinuses, Larynx, Lungs

Question 1

cows don’t have a philtrum, they have a ___

Answer 1

nasolabial

Question 2

the area where you can pick your nose is called ____

Answer 2

nasal vestibule

Question 3

the choana is also referred to as ___

Answer 3

the internal nostrils

Question 4

the dorsal concha is from the ____ bone, and the ventral concha is from the _____ bone

Answer 4

nasal

maxilla

Question 5

the little bumps on the roof of the mouth near the teeth are called the ____, leading to the _____ duct, going to the _____ organ. What is the function?

Answer 5

incisive papillae

incisive

vomeronasal

function: pheromone chemoreception

Question 6

the nasal sinuses serve what function?

Answer 6

they make the skull bigger but not heavier

Question 7

what sinuses do dogs have? How do they communicate?

Answer 7

a frontal, and a maxillary recess since it is so small. the maxillary communicates with the middle meatus

Question 8

What sinuses do horses have? How do they communicate?

Answer 8

a frontal, a rostral and caudal maxillary, a sphenopalatine, and a dorsalconchal.

the frontal drains into the caudal maxillary, and the maxillary drains into the nasal cavity

Question 9

in the horse, the maxillary sinus drains into the nasal cavity via the ____

Answer 9

nasomaxillary appeture

Question 10

what sinuses do cows have? How do they communicate?

Answer 10

frontal, maxillary, palatine, dorsoconchal, lacrimal

maxillary communicates with palatine sinus and lacrimal

Question 11

what is the function of the guttoral pouch in horses?

Answer 11

to cool the internal carotid artery to the brain

Question 12

what species has a middle conchae?

Answer 12

cows

Question 13

name the bones of hyoid apparatus in both horse and dogs

Answer 13

Horse: stylohyoid, keratohyoid, basihyoid with lingual process, thyromyhoid

dog: stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid, basihyoid with lingual process, thyrohyoid

Question 14

rostral to the glottis is called the ____ and caudal to the glottis is called the ____

Answer 14

laryngeal vestibule

infraglottic cavity

Question 15

what are the two thyroaretynoideus muscles?

Answer 15

vocalis and ventricularis

Question 16

what muscles are vocal fold adbuctors?

Answer 16

circoaretynoideus dorsalis and aretnyoid transversus

Question 17

what muscles are vocal fold adductors?

Answer 17

thyroarentynoideus vocalis and circoaretnyoideus lateralis

Question 18

at what level do the trancheal rings stop?

Answer 18

the bronchioles

Question 19

what are the two pleura?

Answer 19

visceral and pareital

Question 20

what are the three surfaces of the pleura?

Answer 20

costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal

Question 21

what are the two pleural cavity recesses?

Answer 21

the cupula pleura and the costal diaphragmatic recess

Question 22

the mediastinum starts at the ____ and ends at the _____

Answer 22

thoracic inlet, diaphragmatic hiatuses

Question 23

how many lobes are in the left and right lungs?

Answer 23

left: two, cranial and caudal
right: 4, cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

Question 24

what are the muscles of inspiration?

Answer 24

serratus dorsalis crainialis, scalenus, rectus thoracis

Question 25

the external intercostal muscles run ____ in a _____ direction.

internal intercostal muscles run ____ in a ____ direction

Answer 25

caudoventrally (back of ribs and down)

cranial-caudal

perpendicular to the externals, caudodorsal (back of rib and up), cranialcaudal

Question 26

what are the 3 epaxial muscle groups in order from most dorsal to most ventral

Answer 26

trnsversospinalis

longissimus

iloiocostalis

Question 27

avians voaclisze with the ____

Answer 27

syrinx

Question 28

birds have _____ arcs where gas exchange occurs

Answer 28

parabronchi

Question 29

why do birds have more efficient lungs?

Answer 29

there is unidirectional air flow, there is cross current gas exchange, there is larger surface area, and constant ventilation (not tidal)

Question 30

the cranial mediastinum is where? name the dorsal and ventral components

Answer 30

from the thoracic inlet to the heart

dorsal: esophagus, trachea, cranial vena cava, brachiocephalic veins and trunk, lymph nodes, thoracic duct, nerves
ventral: thymus

Question 31

what are the borders of the middle mediastinum? dorsal and ventral contents?

Answer 31

at the level of the heart

dorsal: esophagus, trachea and bifurcation, aorta + arch, nerves, thoracic duct
ventral: pericardium

Question 32

what are the borders of the caudal mediastinum? dorsal and ventral contents?

Answer 32

caudal to the heart

dorsal and ventral together: plica vena cava, aorta, nerves, thoracic duct