Nasal Cavity, Sinuses, Larynx, Lungs Flashcards
cows don’t have a philtrum, they have a ___
nasolabial
the area where you can pick your nose is called ____
nasal vestibule
the choana is also referred to as ___
the internal nostrils
the dorsal concha is from the ____ bone, and the ventral concha is from the _____ bone
nasal
maxilla
the little bumps on the roof of the mouth near the teeth are called the ____, leading to the _____ duct, going to the _____ organ. What is the function?
incisive papillae
incisive
vomeronasal
function: pheromone chemoreception
the nasal sinuses serve what function?
they make the skull bigger but not heavier
what sinuses do dogs have? How do they communicate?
a frontal, and a maxillary recess since it is so small. the maxillary communicates with the middle meatus
What sinuses do horses have? How do they communicate?
a frontal, a rostral and caudal maxillary, a sphenopalatine, and a dorsalconchal.
the frontal drains into the caudal maxillary, and the maxillary drains into the nasal cavity
in the horse, the maxillary sinus drains into the nasal cavity via the ____
nasomaxillary appeture
what sinuses do cows have? How do they communicate?
frontal, maxillary, palatine, dorsoconchal, lacrimal
maxillary communicates with palatine sinus and lacrimal
what is the function of the guttoral pouch in horses?
to cool the internal carotid artery to the brain
what species has a middle conchae?
cows
name the bones of hyoid apparatus in both horse and dogs
Horse: stylohyoid, keratohyoid, basihyoid with lingual process, thyromyhoid
dog: stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid, basihyoid with lingual process, thyrohyoid
rostral to the glottis is called the ____ and caudal to the glottis is called the ____
laryngeal vestibule
infraglottic cavity
what are the two thyroaretynoideus muscles?
vocalis and ventricularis
what muscles are vocal fold adbuctors?
circoaretynoideus dorsalis and aretnyoid transversus
what muscles are vocal fold adductors?
thyroarentynoideus vocalis and circoaretnyoideus lateralis
at what level do the trancheal rings stop?
the bronchioles
what are the two pleura?
visceral and pareital
what are the three surfaces of the pleura?
costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal
what are the two pleural cavity recesses?
the cupula pleura and the costal diaphragmatic recess
the mediastinum starts at the ____ and ends at the _____
thoracic inlet, diaphragmatic hiatuses
how many lobes are in the left and right lungs?
left: two, cranial and caudal
right: 4, cranial, middle, caudal, accessory
what are the muscles of inspiration?
serratus dorsalis crainialis, scalenus, rectus thoracis
the external intercostal muscles run ____ in a _____ direction.
internal intercostal muscles run ____ in a ____ direction
caudoventrally (back of ribs and down)
cranial-caudal
perpendicular to the externals, caudodorsal (back of rib and up), cranialcaudal
what are the 3 epaxial muscle groups in order from most dorsal to most ventral
trnsversospinalis
longissimus
iloiocostalis
avians voaclisze with the ____
syrinx
birds have _____ arcs where gas exchange occurs
parabronchi
why do birds have more efficient lungs?
there is unidirectional air flow, there is cross current gas exchange, there is larger surface area, and constant ventilation (not tidal)
the cranial mediastinum is where? name the dorsal and ventral components
from the thoracic inlet to the heart
dorsal: esophagus, trachea, cranial vena cava, brachiocephalic veins and trunk, lymph nodes, thoracic duct, nerves
ventral: thymus
what are the borders of the middle mediastinum? dorsal and ventral contents?
at the level of the heart
dorsal: esophagus, trachea and bifurcation, aorta + arch, nerves, thoracic duct
ventral: pericardium
what are the borders of the caudal mediastinum? dorsal and ventral contents?
caudal to the heart
dorsal and ventral together: plica vena cava, aorta, nerves, thoracic duct
