Gi 2 Alimentary: Histology Flashcards
intramural glands secrete their contents _________
directly into the lumen of the gut
accessory glands to the alimentary system deliver their secretions via_____
ducts, like the salivary glands, the liver, and anal sacs
name the four layers of the gut wall from the outermost layer to innermost layer, draw them out
tunica adventitia / serosa
tunica muscularis
tunica submucosa
tunica mucosa
the outermost layer of the GI system is the serosa, but can also be called in anatomy terms_____
the visceral peritoneum
what is the muscularis mucousae?
muscles associated with the mucosa, not a part of the circular or longitudinal muscles in the tunica muscularis layer
what is each line pointing to?
starting from the top and going down to the left
mucosa
muscularis mucosae
submucosa
adventitia
muscularis externa
lable the layers
A: tunica adventitia
B: tunica mucousa
C: tunica muscularis
D: tunica submucousa
the esophagus is lined with ______ cells. in herbivores it is _____ and in carnivores it is _____
stratified epithelium
keratinized
not keratinized
the mucus glands are located in which layer of the GI tract?
the submucosal layer
what tissue is this and what is each letter labelling?
this is the esophagus.
E: epithelium, stratified squamous
MM: muscularis mucosae
SM: submucosa
G: glands
Ly: lymph nodule
CM: circular muscle
LM: longitudinal muscle
what is this a photo of?
the gastroesophageal junctions where the cells switch from stratified squamous to simple columnar
the junction between the non-glandular and glandular parts of the horse stomach is called the
margo plicatus
name four types of cells found in the glandular stomach
mucous cells (respond to NSAIDs by reducing mucous production)
chief cells (secrete pepsinogen)
parietal cells (secrete acid)
enteroendocrine (G cells produce gastrin)
label each type of cell
from top to bottom:
mucous cells
neck
parietal cells
chief cells
G cell (enteroendocrine)
on a histology slide, the surface of the stomach looks ______ with _____
smooth
gastric pits
in a histology slide looking in the stomach, the parietal cells will appear more____and the chief cells will appear more____
pink
purple/blue
what part of the GI system is this and what is the triangle pointing to?
the stomach, you can see the gastric pits
pointing to the gastric glands
what types of cells are these?
parietal cells are pinker and produce protons
chief cells are darker
chief cells secrete 3 main zymogens:
pepsinogen, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen
which type of cell is which and how can you tell
left is chief cells because you can see granules of packed proteins
right is parietal cell
the small intestine has 3 features that help it increase surface area. what are they?
pilcae (folds)
crypts
villi
what is glycocalyx?
glycoproteins on cell surfaces in the small intestine that reach out and capture stuff that goes by
the cells that primarily line the small intestine are called _____ and the newest ones are found _____
enterocytes
in the base of the crypt
what are paneth cells and where are they located
paneth cells are located in the small intestine and they produce dense granules that contain antimicrobial proteins and immuno modulating proteins as well
what are M cells?
they are antigen presenting cells associated with the peyer’s patches in the ileum
peyer’s patches are found where?
in the ileum
label
A: brunner’s gland (mucous producing glands)
B: crypt of lieberkuhn
C: intestinal villus
what is the “brush border”?
the microvilli on the enterocytes lining the small intestine
what are chylomicrons?
they are secreted by enterocytes into the lacteals to transport dietary lipids through the lymph vasculature and enter into blood circulation via the thoracic duct
what is this pointing to?
the lymphoid tissue in the ileum (peyer’s patches)
what is this pointing to?
the rectoanal junction
simple columnar–>stratified squamous
what is the circle around?
the myenteric plexus in between the circular and longitudinal muscles of the tunica mulscularis
villi are only found in what places of the GI tract?
small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
match the photos to the correct place in the GI system
top left: ileum (because peyer’s patch is seen)
top right: duodenum (because the bruner’s glands and the villi)
bottom left: colon (fairly smooth, more linear looking)
bottom right: stomach (gastric crypts and lacework)
to identify youre in the stomach, the slide looks like ____
LACE
what is this and why
the colon
more linear, no villi, smooth relatively
