Gi 2 Alimentary: Histology

Question 1

intramural glands secrete their contents _________

Answer 1

directly into the lumen of the gut

Question 2

accessory glands to the alimentary system deliver their secretions via_____

Answer 2

ducts, like the salivary glands, the liver, and anal sacs

Question 3

name the four layers of the gut wall from the outermost layer to innermost layer, draw them out

Answer 3

tunica adventitia / serosa

tunica muscularis

tunica submucosa

tunica mucosa

Question 4

the outermost layer of the GI system is the serosa, but can also be called in anatomy terms_____

Answer 4

the visceral peritoneum

Question 5

what is the muscularis mucousae?

Answer 5

muscles associated with the mucosa, not a part of the circular or longitudinal muscles in the tunica muscularis layer

Question 6

what is each line pointing to?

Answer 6

starting from the top and going down to the left

mucosa

muscularis mucosae

submucosa

adventitia

muscularis externa

Question 7

lable the layers

Answer 7

A: tunica adventitia

B: tunica mucousa

C: tunica muscularis

D: tunica submucousa

Question 8

the esophagus is lined with ______ cells. in herbivores it is _____ and in carnivores it is _____

Answer 8

stratified epithelium

keratinized

not keratinized

Question 9

the mucus glands are located in which layer of the GI tract?

Answer 9

the submucosal layer

Question 10

what tissue is this and what is each letter labelling?

Answer 10

this is the esophagus.

E: epithelium, stratified squamous

MM: muscularis mucosae

SM: submucosa

G: glands

Ly: lymph nodule

CM: circular muscle

LM: longitudinal muscle

Question 11

what is this a photo of?

Answer 11

the gastroesophageal junctions where the cells switch from stratified squamous to simple columnar

Question 12

the junction between the non-glandular and glandular parts of the horse stomach is called the

Answer 12

margo plicatus

Question 13

name four types of cells found in the glandular stomach

Answer 13

mucous cells (respond to NSAIDs by reducing mucous production)

chief cells (secrete pepsinogen)

parietal cells (secrete acid)

enteroendocrine (G cells produce gastrin)

Question 14

label each type of cell

Answer 14

from top to bottom:

mucous cells

neck

parietal cells

chief cells

G cell (enteroendocrine)

Question 15

on a histology slide, the surface of the stomach looks ______ with _____

Answer 15

smooth

gastric pits

Question 16

in a histology slide looking in the stomach, the parietal cells will appear more____and the chief cells will appear more____

Answer 16

pink

purple/blue

Question 17

what part of the GI system is this and what is the triangle pointing to?

Answer 17

the stomach, you can see the gastric pits

pointing to the gastric glands

Question 18

what types of cells are these?

Answer 18

parietal cells are pinker and produce protons

chief cells are darker

Question 19

chief cells secrete 3 main zymogens:

Answer 19

pepsinogen, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen

Question 20

which type of cell is which and how can you tell

Answer 20

left is chief cells because you can see granules of packed proteins

right is parietal cell

Question 21

the small intestine has 3 features that help it increase surface area. what are they?

Answer 21

pilcae (folds)

crypts

villi

Question 22

what is glycocalyx?

Answer 22

glycoproteins on cell surfaces in the small intestine that reach out and capture stuff that goes by

Question 23

the cells that primarily line the small intestine are called _____ and the newest ones are found _____

Answer 23

enterocytes

in the base of the crypt

Question 24

what are paneth cells and where are they located

Answer 24

paneth cells are located in the small intestine and they produce dense granules that contain antimicrobial proteins and immuno modulating proteins as well

Question 25

what are M cells?

Answer 25

they are antigen presenting cells associated with the peyer’s patches in the ileum

Question 26

peyer’s patches are found where?

Answer 26

in the ileum

Question 27

label

Answer 27

A: brunner’s gland (mucous producing glands)

B: crypt of lieberkuhn

C: intestinal villus

Question 28

what is the “brush border”?

Answer 28

the microvilli on the enterocytes lining the small intestine

Question 29

what are chylomicrons?

Answer 29

they are secreted by enterocytes into the lacteals to transport dietary lipids through the lymph vasculature and enter into blood circulation via the thoracic duct

Question 30

what is this pointing to?

Answer 30

the lymphoid tissue in the ileum (peyer’s patches)

Question 31

what is this pointing to?

Answer 31

the rectoanal junction

simple columnar–>stratified squamous

Question 32

what is the circle around?

Answer 32

the myenteric plexus in between the circular and longitudinal muscles of the tunica mulscularis

Question 33

villi are only found in what places of the GI tract?

Answer 33

small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

Question 34

match the photos to the correct place in the GI system

Answer 34

top left: ileum (because peyer’s patch is seen)

top right: duodenum (because the bruner’s glands and the villi)

bottom left: colon (fairly smooth, more linear looking)

bottom right: stomach (gastric crypts and lacework)

Question 35

to identify youre in the stomach, the slide looks like ____

Answer 35

LACE

Question 36

what is this and why

Answer 36

the colon

more linear, no villi, smooth relatively