Renal Histology

Question 1

in the glomerulus, there are two layers of epithelium, the _____ and the ______.

Answer 1

parietal epithelium

visceral epithelium

Question 2

the endothelial cells that make up the capillaries in the glomerulus are what kind of capillary?

Answer 2

fenestrated endothelial cells

Question 3

the visceral epithelium in the glomerulus is made up of what kind of cells?

Answer 3

podocytes

Question 4

podocytes have _____ that stretch out and attach to the basement membrane

Answer 4

pedicles

Question 5

from the capillary lumen to bowman’s space, what are all the layers you have to get through?

Answer 5

first is the endothelial cells, then the lamina rara interna, then the lamina densa, then the lamina rara externa

Question 6

the lamina densa filters by ____ and the lamina rara filters by ____

Answer 6

size, charge

Question 7

the distal convoluted tubule comes back around and goes right in between the _______ and _____. The cells that come in contact with this juxtaglomerular area are thickened and are named the _____

Answer 7

afferent and efferent arterioles

macula densa

Question 8

what is the function of the macula densa cells?

Answer 8

they are osmosensors, sensing NaCl levels

Question 9

the cells located between the macula densa and afferent arteriole are called ____

Answer 9

mesangial cells

Question 10

what is the function of mesangial cells?

Answer 10

they are specialized contractile cells that control blood flow

Question 11

what is the function of juxtaglomerular cells?

Answer 11

they are granular cells that secrete renin

Question 12

Label

Answer 12

A: distal convoluted tubule

B: macula densa

C: juxtaglomerular cells

D: afferent arteriole

Question 13

label

Answer 13

A: justaglomerular cells

B: macular densa

C: distal convoluted tubule

Question 14

how do you tell the difference between distal tubule and proximal tubule?

Answer 14

the proximal tubule will have a thicker cell lining and will have a brush border, while the distal tubule cells are more flat/thin and do not have a brush border. Distal tubules are also associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 15

this is right in the renal papillae area. What kind of epithelium is this?

Answer 15

transitional epithelium, or uroepithelium

it lines the renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder

Question 16

what is this slide showing?

Answer 16

the collecting ducts which would be found in the medullar of the kidney

Question 17

what kind of cells line the collecting ducts?

Answer 17

cuboidal/columnar epithelial cells

Question 18

what are the two kinds of cells that line the collecting ducts? How can you tell them apart?

Answer 18

principal cells and intercalated cells

prinipal cells are more clear and buldgy according to MATYAS

Question 19

What is the function of principal cells?

what is the function of intercalated cells?

Answer 19

sodium and water regulation thru ADH and aldosterone

acidification of the urine, H+ ions

Question 20

label from top to bottom

Answer 20

bowmans capsule

masangial cells

macula densa

proximal tubule (thicker and with brush border)

Question 21

when the bladder is full (not contracted), the transitional epithelial cells appear_____

when the bladder is empty (contracted), the transitional epithelial cells appear ____

Answer 21

squished and stretched

larger, more bulbus

Question 22

the bladder wall contains____ which allows it to contract

Answer 22

smooth muscle

Question 23

the ureter has 4 layers just like the GI tract which are:

Answer 23

tunica adventitia, tunica muscularis, submucosa, and mucousa