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Anatomy part 2 > Reproductive system female, lecture > Flashcards

Reproductive system female, lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary sex organs in females?

What is their function?

A

Ovaries

Produce eggs and sex hormones

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2
Q

What ligaments attach the sex organs?

A

Broad ligament- in peritoneum that attaches to everything

Suspensory ligament - connects to ovaries

Utero-ovarian ligament - attaches the uterus and the ovaries

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3
Q

Where do the ovaries originate from?

A

Retroperitoneal masses near kidneys

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4
Q

What is the basic structure of an ovary?

A

Ovoid structure divided into the

Medulla - CT,blood and lymph vessels, nerves (provides nurishment and support)

Cortex - Ovarian follicles covered by germinal epithelium

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5
Q

Prenatally, how are the primary oocytes developing?

What contains the Primordial follicle contain?

What does the primary oocyte do during this stage?

A

Oogonia (germ cells) divide by mitosis to make more oogonia that develop into primary oocytes

Contains primary oocytes and flattened epithelial cells

Begins to undergo meiosis, it halts shortly after and doesnt resume until puberty

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6
Q

What is Oogenesis? more detailed?

A

Mitosis of primordial germ cells in female EMBRYO produce diploid oogonia(germinal cells) that duplicate their DNA and create primary oocytes

FSH causes one primary Oocyte to undergo Meiosis 1 which makes one secondary oocyte (the ovum) and one polar body

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7
Q

How many chromosomes in the Primary oocyte?

secondary?

A

46 (23 pairs)

23 (duplicated)

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8
Q

When does the secondary oocyte go through meiosis 2?

Where does fertilization take place?

A

only if fertilized

In the fallopian tubes

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9
Q

What happens when the secondary oocyte is fertilized?

A

Meiosis 2 , and a second polar body is seperated from the large ovum

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10
Q

Describe the process of follicle maturation?

From primordial to Primary

A

FSH stimulates one primordial follicle to mature

Over 14 days:

Primary oocyte enlarges and undergoes meiosis 1

folliclular cells multiply and give rise to stratified epithelium made of granulosa cells

New layer called Zona pellucida appears and separates the oocyte from granulosa cells

Now a Primary follicle

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11
Q

Describe follicle maturation from Primary to secondary/mature

What does the secondary/mature follicle secrete?

A

Fluid filled cavity and Antrum appears

A crown of granulosa cells surrounds the ooctye called the coronona radiata

Now called secondary/mature follicle

Estrogen

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12
Q

What is the fluid filled cavity that surrounds the oocyte called?

What is the crown of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte called?

A

Antrum

Corona Radiata

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13
Q

Describe a general overview of ovulation

A

Oogenesis (meiosis 1) is complete in 12-14 days as the follicle matures

When the follicle is mature, LH is released causing the follicle to burst releasing a secondary oocyte into the fallopian tubes

After ovulation, the oocyte is drawn into the uterine (fallopian tube) via Fimbriae

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14
Q

What is the function of fimbrae?

How does it do it?

A

expand over ovaries and move an oocyte into the fallopian tubes

The inner lining is covered with cilia to aid in movement

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15
Q

What cell type covers the uterine/ fimbrae?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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16
Q

What is the uterus function?

What are the different layers and their functions

A

Muscular organ that receives embryo and sustains its life during development

Endometrium - inner lining, site of implantation of fertilized egg

Myometrium = bundles of smooth muscle, bulk of uterus

Perimetrium = visceral covering

17
Q

What is the purpose of the cervix?
What testing is done here?

What are the parts of the canal?

What are the crevices on the front and back called, where artificial ensemination has issues getting around

A

Keeps the uterus a sterile environment

Pap smears

Internal and external os

The Posterior and anterior fornix

18
Q

What is the hymen

A

membrane composed of epithelium and connective tissue that partially closes the vaginal orifice

19
Q

What is the Labia Majora and Labia Minora

what is the space enclosed by labia minora

A

External rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin

Flattened, longitudinal folds between labia majora

Vestibule of vulva

20
Q

What is the vestibule of vulva?

Secondary function?

A

The space between the labia minora that encloses the vaginal and urethral openings

secretes mucus into vestibule during sexual stimulation

21
Q

What triggers the start of sexual maturity in females?

A

Secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH).

22
Q

Describe the Female reproductive cycle from days 0-28 if there is no implantation

A

FSH is secreted from 0-14. Oogenesis is here as well as maturation of the follicles

Estrogen is released b the maturing follicle on days 0-14 as well

on day 14 LH is released causing ovulation (secondary oocyte is released into the fallopian tubes). The ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum (which secretes progesterone)

Progesteron is secreted from days 12-24 by the corpus luteum which thickens the endometrium
for implantation

If no implantation by day 24, the corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus albicans causing a decline in progesterone

Days 24-28 decline continues and the hypothalamus picks up on it and starts a new cycle

23
Q

What happens when a mature follicle bursts?

A

Ovulation occurs and the follicle becomes the corpus luteum.

The corpus luteum produces progesterone which prepares the body for implantation

24
Q

What is estrogens function?

A

development of female seconday sex characteristics

targets breasts and mammary glands, hips, buttocks, and thichs
endometrium of uterus

25
Q

What happens if implantation does occur by day 24

A

The corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone to maintain the developing embryo until the placenta is formed (3 months)

26
Q

What inhibits the released of LH and FSH?

What does this mean?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

Cannot start a new cycle until the old is finished and cannot start a new cycle if shes pregnant

27
Q

What is happening during menopause

A

Ovaries stop responding to FSH and Cycling ceases

causing a low concentration of estrogens and Continuous secretion of FSH and LH

The female reproductive organs regress

28
Q

What is the pathway of milk developing in the breast to the outside

A

Alveolar glands –>Alveolar ducts –>Lactiferous ducts —> nipple

29
Q

How many lobes composes mammary glands?

What supports the breast?

A

15-20 irregularly shaped

CT form suspensory ligaments that support the breast

30
Q

Are male and female breasts similar gland wise?

A

Yes, but as puberty is reached, estrogen stimulats the development of breasts further

31
Q

What is the practice of withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation called?

A

Coitus Interruptus

32
Q

What form of birth control requres absinence from sexual intercourse two days before and one day after ovulation??

A

Rhythm method

33
Q

What are some mechanical barriers for birthcontrol?

Chemical?

A

Condom, diaphragm, cervival cap, spermicidal jelly

spermicides

34
Q

What are some hormonal methods of contraception?

A

Nuvaring, ortho Evra (patch), the pill

mini pill which is only progestin

35
Q

What is an example of an injectable contraceptive?

how long does it last?

How does it work?

A

Depo-provera lasts for 3 months

Preventing maturation and release of a secondary oocyte

36
Q

What are IUD’s? What types? What does it do?

A

small solid object that makes the iterus disrupt the normal uterine environment

Copper
Hormonal

Anatomy part 2 (15 decks)

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