Reproductive system female, lecture Flashcards
What are the primary sex organs in females?
What is their function?
Ovaries
Produce eggs and sex hormones
What ligaments attach the sex organs?
Broad ligament- in peritoneum that attaches to everything
Suspensory ligament - connects to ovaries
Utero-ovarian ligament - attaches the uterus and the ovaries
Where do the ovaries originate from?
Retroperitoneal masses near kidneys
What is the basic structure of an ovary?
Ovoid structure divided into the
Medulla - CT,blood and lymph vessels, nerves (provides nurishment and support)
Cortex - Ovarian follicles covered by germinal epithelium
Prenatally, how are the primary oocytes developing?
What contains the Primordial follicle contain?
What does the primary oocyte do during this stage?
Oogonia (germ cells) divide by mitosis to make more oogonia that develop into primary oocytes
Contains primary oocytes and flattened epithelial cells
Begins to undergo meiosis, it halts shortly after and doesnt resume until puberty
What is Oogenesis? more detailed?
Mitosis of primordial germ cells in female EMBRYO produce diploid oogonia(germinal cells) that duplicate their DNA and create primary oocytes
FSH causes one primary Oocyte to undergo Meiosis 1 which makes one secondary oocyte (the ovum) and one polar body
How many chromosomes in the Primary oocyte?
secondary?
46 (23 pairs)
23 (duplicated)
When does the secondary oocyte go through meiosis 2?
Where does fertilization take place?
only if fertilized
In the fallopian tubes
What happens when the secondary oocyte is fertilized?
Meiosis 2 , and a second polar body is seperated from the large ovum
Describe the process of follicle maturation?
From primordial to Primary
FSH stimulates one primordial follicle to mature
Over 14 days:
Primary oocyte enlarges and undergoes meiosis 1
folliclular cells multiply and give rise to stratified epithelium made of granulosa cells
New layer called Zona pellucida appears and separates the oocyte from granulosa cells
Now a Primary follicle
Describe follicle maturation from Primary to secondary/mature
What does the secondary/mature follicle secrete?
Fluid filled cavity and Antrum appears
A crown of granulosa cells surrounds the ooctye called the coronona radiata
Now called secondary/mature follicle
Estrogen
What is the fluid filled cavity that surrounds the oocyte called?
What is the crown of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte called?
Antrum
Corona Radiata
Describe a general overview of ovulation
Oogenesis (meiosis 1) is complete in 12-14 days as the follicle matures
When the follicle is mature, LH is released causing the follicle to burst releasing a secondary oocyte into the fallopian tubes
After ovulation, the oocyte is drawn into the uterine (fallopian tube) via Fimbriae
What is the function of fimbrae?
How does it do it?
expand over ovaries and move an oocyte into the fallopian tubes
The inner lining is covered with cilia to aid in movement
What cell type covers the uterine/ fimbrae?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What is the uterus function?
What are the different layers and their functions
Muscular organ that receives embryo and sustains its life during development
Endometrium - inner lining, site of implantation of fertilized egg
Myometrium = bundles of smooth muscle, bulk of uterus
Perimetrium = visceral covering
What is the purpose of the cervix?
What testing is done here?
What are the parts of the canal?
What are the crevices on the front and back called, where artificial ensemination has issues getting around
Keeps the uterus a sterile environment
Pap smears
Internal and external os
The Posterior and anterior fornix
What is the hymen
membrane composed of epithelium and connective tissue that partially closes the vaginal orifice
What is the Labia Majora and Labia Minora
what is the space enclosed by labia minora
External rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin
Flattened, longitudinal folds between labia majora
Vestibule of vulva
What is the vestibule of vulva?
Secondary function?
The space between the labia minora that encloses the vaginal and urethral openings
secretes mucus into vestibule during sexual stimulation
What triggers the start of sexual maturity in females?
Secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH).
Describe the Female reproductive cycle from days 0-28 if there is no implantation
FSH is secreted from 0-14. Oogenesis is here as well as maturation of the follicles
Estrogen is released b the maturing follicle on days 0-14 as well
on day 14 LH is released causing ovulation (secondary oocyte is released into the fallopian tubes). The ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum (which secretes progesterone)
Progesteron is secreted from days 12-24 by the corpus luteum which thickens the endometrium
for implantation
If no implantation by day 24, the corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus albicans causing a decline in progesterone
Days 24-28 decline continues and the hypothalamus picks up on it and starts a new cycle
What happens when a mature follicle bursts?
Ovulation occurs and the follicle becomes the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum produces progesterone which prepares the body for implantation
What is estrogens function?
development of female seconday sex characteristics
targets breasts and mammary glands, hips, buttocks, and thichs
endometrium of uterus
