Nutrition Flashcards
Where does control of eating specifically occur?
In the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus
What is insulin’s function after eating?
regulates fat stores by stimulating adipocytes to take up glucose and store fat
stimulates muscle and liver cells to take glucose and store glycogen
What neurotransmitter stimulates appetite?
What Hormone is secreted to stimulate the appetite? what secretes it?
What is the negative feedback hormone that stops the appetite and what secretes it?
Neuropeptide Y
Ghrenlin, stomach (stimulates production of neuropeptide Y)
Leptin ( inhibits release of neuropeptide Y)
Where do we get our complex carbs from in our diet? (polysaccharides)
What is an example of a polysaccharide that we cannot digest?
starch from grains and vegetables
glycogen in meats
Cellulose
What is an example of dissacharides and monosaccharides in our diet? (simple carbs)
Disaccharides - dairy products, cane sugar, beet sugar, molasses
Monosaccharieds - honey and fruits
What has to happen before we can use polysaccharides and disaccharides?
What happens then?
Once they get there then what?
They have to be broken down into monosaccharieds first
The monosaccharides fructose, galactose, and glucose are absorbed in the small intestines and sent to the liver through the hepatic portal vein
Liver enzymes break down the fructose and galactose into glucose
Excess glucose is then synthesized as glycogen
What is the process of polyerizing glucose to glycogen celled?
Glycogenesis
Which cells need continuous glucose supply?
How many carbs are in an average diet ?
What can the body do for carbs when times are scarce?
nerons
200-300 grams
amino acids can be converted to glucose
What are some examples of lipids and what is their fuction in the body?
What is the most common dietary lipid?
fats, phospholipids, cholesterol
Energy for cellular respiration building blocks for cell membranes, steroid hormones
triglycerides
Where would you find saturated fats?
Unsaturated fats?
What tricglyceride is the healthiest
mostly animal like meat, eggs, milk, and lard
plants like palm and coconut oil
seeds, nuts,plant oils
monounsaturated is the healthiest
Where would you find cholesterol in our diets?
animal food origin only
abundant in liver, egg yolk
trace amounts in milk, butter, cheese, and meats
How are lipids utilized?
Triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
fatty acids are absorbed by the lacteals and transported to tissues
free fatty acids are used to synthesize triglycerides, phospholipids, lipoproteins
How is cholesterol controlled in the body?
What is cholesterol used for?
If low, synthesize it and release into blood
If high , remove from blood and excrete it into bile
The liver uses ti to make bile salts
cell components, hormones
What is adipose tissue?
What happens during fasting?
excess lipids are stored in adipose tissue
stored triglycerides may be hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids then released into the blood for energy
What are lipid requirements for humans?
Variable
must sustain production of fat-soluable vitamins
AHA recommends not exceeding 30% of daily calories from fat
