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Anatomy part 2 > Fertilization questions > Flashcards

Fertilization questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is relaxin? Where does it come from?

What is inhibin?

A

a hormone from the placenta and ovaries assists in delivery. Relaxes the pubic symphysis and ligaments and dialetes the cervix

A hormone released by the placenta that inhibits the secretion of FSH

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2
Q

What is the embryonic stage?

What is the fetal period?

A

2nd - 8th week

8th week until birth

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3
Q

When does the placenta start working?

What decreases as a result?

A

end of the third month

hCG

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4
Q

What is Gastrulation?

What does it make?

What is the blastocyst now called?

A

Development of the three primary germ layers

Ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

The gastrula

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5
Q

What is the primary source of nourishment in the embryo. and the early site of blood cell formation?

A

Yolk sac

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6
Q

What is the protective membrane that forms around day 8 called? What is it filled with?

A

Amnion

Amniotic fluid

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7
Q

What is the fingerlike projections of the placenta called? What do they do/

A

Chorionic villi

Gas exchange

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8
Q

What is the placentas purpose ?

What two layered structure is it derived from?

A

Maintain fetus through oxygen and nutrients and waste disposal

Protective barrier against most microorganisms

Maintain pregnancy through secretion of hormones

Chorion

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9
Q

What is the umbilical cord composed of?

What are their functions?

A

one vein which carrries blood rich in nutrients to the fetus from placenta

2 arteries that carry carbon dioxide and wastes away from the fetus to the placenta

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10
Q

What is the lanugo and vernix? functions?

A

Fine downy hair - keeps fetus warm

Sebum and dead epidermal cells - waterproofing

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11
Q

What is the path of blood from the placenta to the fetus?

A

Umbilical vein then half goes to fetal liver, the other half bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus to the IVC

IVC to right atrium to right ventricle, then out pulmonary trunk

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12
Q

What structure allows the blood to bypass the lungs?

A

Ductus arterosus

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13
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

Hole in the atrial septum that closes when baby takes first breath.

Its a passageway between atriums

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14
Q

What are the three stages of labor?

A

Dilation
expulsion
placental stage

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15
Q

What is the stage of dilation?

Stage of expulsion ?

Placental stage?

A

Time from onset of labor to complete dilation of cervix

Time from complete cervical dilation to delivery

time after delivery until the placental is expelled

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16
Q

What does the baby secrete high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

Because head compression during birth leads to intermittent hypoxia and you need a to have a strong breath at birth

17
Q

What is the period where the maternal reproductive organs and physiology return to the pre-pregnancy state?

When does this happen?

What are the two things that happen?

A

Puerperium

forsix weeks after birth

Involution - catabolism of uterus tissue

Lochia - uterine discharge of blood and mucus

18
Q

What prevents milk from secreting before birth?

What stimulates mammary gland development?

A

Progesterone

est. proges. placental lactogen

19
Q

What is growth ?

Development?

A

increase in size

includes growth and changes in life phases that accomplish physiologic changes

20
Q

What is it called when a second sperm is prevented from entering an egg?

A

Syngamy

21
Q

In early development, how does the zygote divide?

What are the really small cells called?

When is it a morula? how long?

When is it a blastocyst? what is it?

What is the trophoblast?

What does it make?

A

Mitotically

Blastomeres

When it has 16-30 cells; 96 hours

5 days, hollow ball with inner cells

outer covering of cells beneath zona pellucida

Chorion

22
Q

How does the blastocyst implant and how long does it take?

What is this called?

A

The trophoblasts eat away at the endometrium and embed there

Invading trophoblasts

Takes 6 days

23
Q

What does hCG do?

A

mimics the LH by continuing secretion of estrogens and progesterone. Suppresses FSH to prevent cycling

24
Q

What stimulates the first breath in infants?

A

rising CO2 and lowering pH

25
Q

What happens to the umbilical vessels after birth ?

Ductus Venosus?

Ductus Arteriosum?

A

Becomes the Ligamentum teres

Ligamentus venosum

Ligamentus arteriosum

Anatomy part 2 (15 decks)

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