Endocrine and Micro lab

Question 1

What is the “master gland”?

What is its location?

Answer 1

The pituitary gland

In the brain below the hypothalmus

Question 2

What are the functions of the lobe sof the pituitary glands?

What does the posterior lobe NOT do?

Answer 2

Anterior - makes hormones and appears glandular

Posterior - stores and releases hormones

Does not create hormones, only storage and secreted

Question 3

What hormones are produced in the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Prolactin - for milk 
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Adrenocoricotropin hormone (ACTH) for adrenal glands to produce hormones

Question 4

What hormones are produced in the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

Answer 4

NONE

Question 5

What hormones can be found in the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

What is their functions?

Answer 5

Oxytocin - triggers contractions of uterus and milk letdown reflex

AntiDiuretic hormone - controls water balance in the body targets the DCT in kidneys

Question 6

What are the scientific names of the lobes of the pituitary?

Answer 6

Anterior - Pars Distalis

Posterior - Pars Nervosa

Question 7

Which hormones regulate the bodies metabolic rate?

What gland produces it?

Answer 7

T3 Triidothyronine

and T4 Thyroxine

Thyroid

Question 8

What Hormones does the thyroid regulate?

What is their function?

Where is the thyroid located?

Answer 8

T3 - Triidothyronine

T4 - Thyroxine
both control the bodies metabolism

Calcitonin - reduces excess calcium in the blood through osteoblasts

In the throat

Question 9

What do follicular cells do ?

Parafollicular?

Colloid?

Answer 9

Makes t3 and t4

Secrete Calcitonin, found next to follicular

Clear gelatinous storage area for hormones, contains all 3

Question 10

What type of epithelium is the follicular cells?

Where are parafollicular cells located?

Answer 10

Simple cuboidal

Next to follicle cells

Question 11

Where is the parathyroid gland? What does it look like?

What are the two main cell types of the parathyroid?

What does it secrete?

Answer 11

Attached to the posterior portion of the thyroid gland

4 tiny glands (parathyroids)

Chief cells
Oxyphyill cells

Parathyroid hormone

Question 12

What is the function of chief cells?

Oxyphill?

What structure are they found in?

Answer 12

Secrete parathyroid hormone

Not sure what they do

Parathyroid

Question 13

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 13

To increase blood calcium levels by having osteoblasts break down calcium in bones

Question 14

Where are the adrenal glands located?
What do they look like?
What are the sections?

Answer 14

on top of each kidney
Triangular shaped

Adrenal cortex and medulla

Question 15

What are the layers of the adrenal cortex from outside in? and what do they secrete?

Answer 15

Zona Glomerulosa - aldosterone

Zona Fasciculata - secretes cortisol

Zona Reticularis - secretes estrogens and androgens

Question 16

What does the Adrenal Medulla secrete?

What are the cells in the Adrenal medulla called?

Answer 16

Epinephrine and norepinephrin

Chromaffin cells

Question 17

What cells make up the Islets of Langerhans? Where are they located?

Answer 17

Alpha, Beta, and Delta cells

Located in the Pancreas

Question 18

Where is the pancreas located? What tissue types are present, and what are the functions of these tissues?

Answer 18

under the stomach

Exocrine - secretes digestive enzymes
Endocrin - secretes hormones

Question 19

Which cells are endocrine in the pancreas and what do they secrete?

What structure in the pancreas are they in?

What is the exocrine cells and thier function?

Answer 19

Alpha cells - glucagon

Beta cells - insulin

Delta - somatostatin

Islets of langerhans

Acinar cells - secrete digestive enzymes to break down food

Question 20

Where is the pineal gland located?

What is its function?

Answer 20

In the middle of the brain

To secrete melatonin - hormone that regulates the circadian rhythem

Question 21

Where is the thymus gland located?
What is its function?
What does it regulate?

Answer 21

on top of the heart

produces T cells (storage for maturation of WBC)

regulation of
Thymosin
Thymopoietins
Thymic factor

Question 22

What do the ovaries regulate?

Answer 22

Estrogen and progesterone - regulation of menstrual cycles, puberty, and pregnancy

Question 23

What do the testes regulate?

Answer 23

Testosterone, puberty changes, and sperm production

Question 24

3 major types of bacteria shape?

Answer 24

Bacillus - rod shaped
Coccus - spherical
Spirillum - spiral

Question 25

Where is the capsule of a bacteria?

What is its function?

Answer 25

Most exterior component of bacteria

protects cell from dying, helps it stick to surfaces, protects from destruction, nutrition if needed, toxic to host

Question 26

What is an Endospore?

What is so special?

Answer 26

DNA with a small amount of cytoplasm

Can outlast extreme conditions like boiling water, direct UV, and millions of years

Question 27

What is flagella

Answer 27

Long, ridgid protein rod for movement

Motor at base of cell like a turbine

Question 28

Where is Oxytocin and ADH produced?

Where are they stored?

Answer 28

In the hypothalamus

In the posterior pituitary