Endocrine and Micro lab Flashcards
What is the “master gland”?
What is its location?
The pituitary gland
In the brain below the hypothalmus
What are the functions of the lobe sof the pituitary glands?
What does the posterior lobe NOT do?
Anterior - makes hormones and appears glandular
Posterior - stores and releases hormones
Does not create hormones, only storage and secreted
What hormones are produced in the pituitary gland?
Growth hormone (GH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Prolactin - for milk Lutenizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Adrenocoricotropin hormone (ACTH) for adrenal glands to produce hormones
What hormones are produced in the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
NONE
What hormones can be found in the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
What is their functions?
Oxytocin - triggers contractions of uterus and milk letdown reflex
AntiDiuretic hormone - controls water balance in the body targets the DCT in kidneys
What are the scientific names of the lobes of the pituitary?
Anterior - Pars Distalis
Posterior - Pars Nervosa
Which hormones regulate the bodies metabolic rate?
What gland produces it?
T3 Triidothyronine
and T4 Thyroxine
Thyroid
What Hormones does the thyroid regulate?
What is their function?
Where is the thyroid located?
T3 - Triidothyronine
T4 - Thyroxine
both control the bodies metabolism
Calcitonin - reduces excess calcium in the blood through osteoblasts
In the throat
What do follicular cells do ?
Parafollicular?
Colloid?
Makes t3 and t4
Secrete Calcitonin, found next to follicular
Clear gelatinous storage area for hormones, contains all 3
What type of epithelium is the follicular cells?
Where are parafollicular cells located?
Simple cuboidal
Next to follicle cells
Where is the parathyroid gland? What does it look like?
What are the two main cell types of the parathyroid?
What does it secrete?
Attached to the posterior portion of the thyroid gland
4 tiny glands (parathyroids)
Chief cells
Oxyphyill cells
Parathyroid hormone
What is the function of chief cells?
Oxyphill?
What structure are they found in?
Secrete parathyroid hormone
Not sure what they do
Parathyroid
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
To increase blood calcium levels by having osteoblasts break down calcium in bones
Where are the adrenal glands located?
What do they look like?
What are the sections?
on top of each kidney
Triangular shaped
Adrenal cortex and medulla
What are the layers of the adrenal cortex from outside in? and what do they secrete?
Zona Glomerulosa - aldosterone
Zona Fasciculata - secretes cortisol
Zona Reticularis - secretes estrogens and androgens
What does the Adrenal Medulla secrete?
What are the cells in the Adrenal medulla called?
Epinephrine and norepinephrin
Chromaffin cells
What cells make up the Islets of Langerhans? Where are they located?
Alpha, Beta, and Delta cells
Located in the Pancreas
Where is the pancreas located? What tissue types are present, and what are the functions of these tissues?
under the stomach
Exocrine - secretes digestive enzymes
Endocrin - secretes hormones
Which cells are endocrine in the pancreas and what do they secrete?
What structure in the pancreas are they in?
What is the exocrine cells and thier function?
Alpha cells - glucagon
Beta cells - insulin
Delta - somatostatin
Islets of langerhans
Acinar cells - secrete digestive enzymes to break down food
Where is the pineal gland located?
What is its function?
In the middle of the brain
To secrete melatonin - hormone that regulates the circadian rhythem
Where is the thymus gland located?
What is its function?
What does it regulate?
on top of the heart
produces T cells (storage for maturation of WBC)
regulation of
Thymosin
Thymopoietins
Thymic factor
What do the ovaries regulate?
Estrogen and progesterone - regulation of menstrual cycles, puberty, and pregnancy
What do the testes regulate?
Testosterone, puberty changes, and sperm production
3 major types of bacteria shape?
Bacillus - rod shaped
Coccus - spherical
Spirillum - spiral
