Reproductive system Flashcards
What Is the structure if the sperm cell
The head
-Haploid nucleus w/23 chromosomes
Mid piece
-Mitochondria produces ATP for energy
Tail
-Flagella for motility (movement)
Discuss the location & characteristic of the Testes
Located externally within scrotal sac
Produces sperm cells & male sex hormones
Define seminiferous tubules
Located inside the testicle where sperm cells and produced and matured
About 800 tubules per testicle
Define Lobule’s
Group of 2-4 seminiferous tubules
About 250 lobules per testicle
Define Interstitial Tissue
Located between lobules
Produce sex hormones (testosterone)
Define Epididymis
Terminal end of seminiferous tubules
Reservoir for sperm until ejaculation
Define Vas (ductus) Deferens
2 long tubules extended from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle gland
Carries sperm cells from testes to seminal vesicle prior to ejaculation
Define seminal vesicles
2 small sac like glands located posterolateral to urinary bladder
Produce part of seminal fluid
Define Ejaculatory ducts
2 short ducts from each seminal vesicle & vas deferens through the prostate gland
Carries sperm & semen through prostate
Define Prostate Gland
Located directly inferior to urinary bladder
completely surrounds proximal urethra
Produces part of seminal fluid
Define the Urethra
Muscular canal from bladder through prostate gland
Passage for urine and seminal fluid during ejaculation
What are the external parts of the penis
Glans
-Expanded distal portion
External Urethral Meatus
-Urethral opening
What are the internal parts of the penis
Corpus Cavernosum
-2 cylinders of erectile tissue the engorge with blood during an erection
Corpus Spongiosim
-1 cylinder of “spongy” tissue that surrounds/protects the urethra
Define the perineum
Area between scrotum & anus
Define Male sex hormones
AKA androgens
Mainly Testosterone
Causes development of secondary sex characteristics @puberty
-body hair
-voice change
-sexual organ maturation
-physical development
-controls libido
Define Ovaries
Located internally within the pelvis slightly below and medial to ASIS
Held in place by the ligament of ovary & broad ligament
production of egg cells (outer layer) and female sex hormones (inner layer)
Define the Uterine (fallopian) tubes
Narrow tile for ova to travel from ovaries to uterus
What are the 3 sections of the Fallopian tubes
Infundibulum
-most proximal and includes fimbriae to catch the released ovum
Ampulla
-Longest middle section
Isthmus
-Distal, most constricted portion
Define the uterus
Muscular “pear shaped” organ within pelvic brim
receives and retains the fertilized egg (zygote)
Fetal home during gestation
Delivery of fetus via contractions
What are the 3 sections of the uterus
funds
-expanded superior portion
Body
- middle portion
Cervix
-constricted inferior portion
What are the layers of the uterus
Myometrium
- dense, muscular layer
Endometrium
-Vascular, inner layer
What are the cavities of the uterus
Uterine cavity
-inner cavity of fungus and body for zygote attachment
Cervical canal
-Terminates at the cervical Os
Define the vagina
Birth canal
Muscular membranous canal from cervical Os externally
curves around posterior bladder
Define the external anatomy of the vagina
Libia majora
-larger outer folds that surrounds the vagina and urethral openings
Libia minora
-smaller inner folds that surround vaginal and urethra opening
Vulva
-Majora +minora
Define characteristics of an Ova
Only 400-500 eggs are released during ovulation
Ova cells develop in the primary follicle
After ovum is released, follicle becomes a corpus luteum
Describe the phases of mensuration
Phase 1: menstrual phase, days 1-5, loss of endometrium through discharge if egg did not fertilize
Phase 2: Post menstrual/ pre ovulatory phase, days 6-13, increase in estrogen to cause endometrium to thicken in preparation for zygote
Phase 3: Ovulatory phase, coccus on or around day 14, release of ova, continued thickening of endometrial lining
Phase 4: premenstrual/ post ovulatory phase, 14 days, increase endometrial thickening, progesterone increases, estrogen declines
Define conception
When the released ovum is attacked by eager sperm cells
Fertilization occurs where?
in the Fallopian tubes
Implantation occurs where?
in the uterus
What are the 3 stages of gestaion
- germinal stage (wks 1-2)
- embryonic stage (wks 3-8)
- fetal stage(wks 9-38)
What happens during the germinal stage?
After egg fertilization but before implantation
What happens during the embryonic stage?
Happens after mitosis 1
cell begins to develop into specific tissues after implantation
What is cell differentiation
the process in which a diploid zygote becomes specific tissue
Define embryonic stem cells
ability to differentiate into any of the 3 embryonic cell layers
Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
What happens during the fetal stage?
most major organs have formed
continued development of organs & systems
significant fetal growth
What are mammal glands purpose
to produce milk following childbirth
anterior to pectorals major muscle, intercostal muscle and ribs
What is the outside anatomy of the breast
Nipple
Areola
- darker, pigmented area surrounding nipple
Tail
- extends towards axilla
Inframammary crease
- inferior attachment of breast to chest wall
What are lactiferous lobules
Small clusters of individual lactiferous glands within a lobe
What are alveoli
small individual lactiferous glands that produce
Define the ampulla
Milk reservoirs behind areola that attach directly to nipple
What is the suspensory (Cooper) ligament
Ligaments that maintain breast shape
Define fibro-glandular tissue
Incidence of breast cancer is low but aggressive to treat because of glandular tissue
What is fiber fatty tissue
half glandular tissue and half adipose
breast cancer become more prevalent (mammon’s starts)
Define mostly adipose tissue
Post menstrual females
dried up glandular tissue
Highest chance for breast cancer but easiest to diagnose and treat
