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A & P: 2 > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What Is the structure if the sperm cell

A

The head
-Haploid nucleus w/23 chromosomes
Mid piece
-Mitochondria produces ATP for energy
Tail
-Flagella for motility (movement)

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2
Q

Discuss the location & characteristic of the Testes

A

Located externally within scrotal sac
Produces sperm cells & male sex hormones

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3
Q

Define seminiferous tubules

A

Located inside the testicle where sperm cells and produced and matured

About 800 tubules per testicle

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4
Q

Define Lobule’s

A

Group of 2-4 seminiferous tubules

About 250 lobules per testicle

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5
Q

Define Interstitial Tissue

A

Located between lobules
Produce sex hormones (testosterone)

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6
Q

Define Epididymis

A

Terminal end of seminiferous tubules
Reservoir for sperm until ejaculation

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7
Q

Define Vas (ductus) Deferens

A

2 long tubules extended from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle gland

Carries sperm cells from testes to seminal vesicle prior to ejaculation

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8
Q

Define seminal vesicles

A

2 small sac like glands located posterolateral to urinary bladder

Produce part of seminal fluid

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9
Q

Define Ejaculatory ducts

A

2 short ducts from each seminal vesicle & vas deferens through the prostate gland

Carries sperm & semen through prostate

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10
Q

Define Prostate Gland

A

Located directly inferior to urinary bladder

completely surrounds proximal urethra
Produces part of seminal fluid

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11
Q

Define the Urethra

A

Muscular canal from bladder through prostate gland
Passage for urine and seminal fluid during ejaculation

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12
Q

What are the external parts of the penis

A

Glans
-Expanded distal portion

External Urethral Meatus
-Urethral opening

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13
Q

What are the internal parts of the penis

A

Corpus Cavernosum
-2 cylinders of erectile tissue the engorge with blood during an erection

Corpus Spongiosim
-1 cylinder of “spongy” tissue that surrounds/protects the urethra

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14
Q

Define the perineum

A

Area between scrotum & anus

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15
Q

Define Male sex hormones

A

AKA androgens
Mainly Testosterone

Causes development of secondary sex characteristics @puberty
-body hair
-voice change
-sexual organ maturation
-physical development
-controls libido

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16
Q

Define Ovaries

A

Located internally within the pelvis slightly below and medial to ASIS

Held in place by the ligament of ovary & broad ligament

production of egg cells (outer layer) and female sex hormones (inner layer)

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17
Q

Define the Uterine (fallopian) tubes

A

Narrow tile for ova to travel from ovaries to uterus

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18
Q

What are the 3 sections of the Fallopian tubes

A

Infundibulum
-most proximal and includes fimbriae to catch the released ovum

Ampulla
-Longest middle section

Isthmus
-Distal, most constricted portion

19
Q

Define the uterus

A

Muscular “pear shaped” organ within pelvic brim
receives and retains the fertilized egg (zygote)
Fetal home during gestation
Delivery of fetus via contractions

20
Q

What are the 3 sections of the uterus

A

funds
-expanded superior portion

Body
- middle portion

Cervix
-constricted inferior portion

21
Q

What are the layers of the uterus

A

Myometrium
- dense, muscular layer

Endometrium
-Vascular, inner layer

22
Q

What are the cavities of the uterus

A

Uterine cavity
-inner cavity of fungus and body for zygote attachment

Cervical canal
-Terminates at the cervical Os

23
Q

Define the vagina

A

Birth canal
Muscular membranous canal from cervical Os externally

curves around posterior bladder

24
Q

Define the external anatomy of the vagina

A

Libia majora
-larger outer folds that surrounds the vagina and urethral openings

Libia minora
-smaller inner folds that surround vaginal and urethra opening

Vulva
-Majora +minora

25
Q

Define characteristics of an Ova

A

Only 400-500 eggs are released during ovulation
Ova cells develop in the primary follicle

After ovum is released, follicle becomes a corpus luteum

26
Q

Describe the phases of mensuration

A

Phase 1: menstrual phase, days 1-5, loss of endometrium through discharge if egg did not fertilize

Phase 2: Post menstrual/ pre ovulatory phase, days 6-13, increase in estrogen to cause endometrium to thicken in preparation for zygote

Phase 3: Ovulatory phase, coccus on or around day 14, release of ova, continued thickening of endometrial lining

Phase 4: premenstrual/ post ovulatory phase, 14 days, increase endometrial thickening, progesterone increases, estrogen declines

27
Q

Define conception

A

When the released ovum is attacked by eager sperm cells

28
Q

Fertilization occurs where?

A

in the Fallopian tubes

29
Q

Implantation occurs where?

A

in the uterus

30
Q

What are the 3 stages of gestaion

A
  1. germinal stage (wks 1-2)
  2. embryonic stage (wks 3-8)
  3. fetal stage(wks 9-38)
31
Q

What happens during the germinal stage?

A

After egg fertilization but before implantation

32
Q

What happens during the embryonic stage?

A

Happens after mitosis 1
cell begins to develop into specific tissues after implantation

33
Q

What is cell differentiation

A

the process in which a diploid zygote becomes specific tissue

34
Q

Define embryonic stem cells

A

ability to differentiate into any of the 3 embryonic cell layers
Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm

35
Q

What happens during the fetal stage?

A

most major organs have formed
continued development of organs & systems
significant fetal growth

36
Q

What are mammal glands purpose

A

to produce milk following childbirth

anterior to pectorals major muscle, intercostal muscle and ribs

37
Q

What is the outside anatomy of the breast

A

Nipple

Areola
- darker, pigmented area surrounding nipple

Tail
- extends towards axilla
Inframammary crease
- inferior attachment of breast to chest wall

38
Q

What are lactiferous lobules

A

Small clusters of individual lactiferous glands within a lobe

39
Q

What are alveoli

A

small individual lactiferous glands that produce

40
Q

Define the ampulla

A

Milk reservoirs behind areola that attach directly to nipple

41
Q

What is the suspensory (Cooper) ligament

A

Ligaments that maintain breast shape

42
Q

Define fibro-glandular tissue

A

Incidence of breast cancer is low but aggressive to treat because of glandular tissue

43
Q

What is fiber fatty tissue

A

half glandular tissue and half adipose
breast cancer become more prevalent (mammon’s starts)

44
Q

Define mostly adipose tissue

A

Post menstrual females
dried up glandular tissue

Highest chance for breast cancer but easiest to diagnose and treat

A & P: 2 (17 decks)

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