Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P: 2 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the nervous system

A

-Communication
-storage and processing
-sensory
- involuntary movement
-voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of nervous system cells

A

Neurons & neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of impulses did you neurons carry

A

Electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of impulses do Neuroglia nerves give

A

They do not carry electrical impulses

They support & nourish neruros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the structure of a neuron

A
  1. Body
  2. Dentrites
  3. Axon
  4. Myelin sheath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of dendrite

A

Carry impulses into the body of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the purpose of the axon

A

Carry impulses away from the body of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath

A

Fatty substance that covers neural axons and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does myelin mean

A

Fast

Speeds up electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An efferent neuron controls

A

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An afferent neuron is

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons

A

Same structure but the body of an afferent is off to the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do neuroglia nerves do

A

Support and nourish cells of the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of glial cells of an efferent neuron

A

Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of an astrocyte

A

Transport nutrients to neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of oligodendrites

A

“Build” myelin for axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do astrocytes protect neurons

A

Governing what goes in and out of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of barrier is Blood brain barrier

A

Physical and transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 functions of blood brain barriers

A

Restricts the entrances

Transports essential nutrients and some chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do dendrites and axons of different neurons touch

A

No, they leave a small gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the gap called between a neurons axons and a different neurons dendrites

A

Synaptic gap / cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals released to cross the synaptic gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give some examples of neurotransmitters

A

Adrenaline
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Endorphins
Gaba
Glutamate
Noradrenaline
Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does it mean to be conscious

A

Aware of and responds to surroundings via the senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define Locked-in syndrome

A

Wakefulness: open eyes, normal sleep wake patterns

Awareness : fully

Communicate: no body or facial movements , only eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define minimally conscious state

A

Wakefulness: open eyes , normal sleep wake patterns

Awareness: inconsistent

Communication: make eye contact , follow object with eyes, reach for objects , responds to command

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define the vegetative state

A

Wakefulness: open eyes, normal sleep wake patterns

Awareness : no evidence

Communication: no body or facial movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define a coma

A

Wakefulness: eyes not open, no sleep wake patterns

Awareness: no evidence

Communication: no body or facial movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two main divisions of the central nervous system

A
  1. Central nervous system
  2. Peripheral nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the CNS consist of

A
  • brain ( encephalon)
  • spinal cord
    -meninges
  • cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does the PNS consist of

A

-cranial nerves
-spinal nerves
- autonomic & somatic divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain control

A

Emotions and left handedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the left hemisphere control

A

Language and right handedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What separates the hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What connects the hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the brain

A

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Discuss the forebrain

A

Majority of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Discuss midbrain

A

Small portion of Brian beneath the forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Discuss the hindbrain

A

Most inferior portion of brain connecting to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the cerebrum

A

aka cortex
outer wrinkled part

41
Q

what are the lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal (emotions, anger)
parietal (taste)
temporal (hearing, smell)
occipital (vision)

42
Q

why is the cortex wrinkled ?

A

to maximize surface area

43
Q

when does most of the folding occur

A

during the 7th month of pregnancy

44
Q

where is the thalamus located

A

19

inferior to cerebrum & corpus callosum

45
Q

what is the function of the thalamus

A

switchboard of the brain
sorts & directs electrical impulses
sensory interpretation

46
Q

where is the hypothalamus located

A

21

just below the thalamus

47
Q

what does the hypothalamus control

A

certain vital signs & endocrine functions via pituitary gland

48
Q

Where is the hippocampus located

A

18

anterior & lateral to midbrain
inferiorto thlamus

49
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus

A

formation of long-term memories
neurons can repair & replicate here

50
Q

where is the amygdala located

A

anterior to hippocampus
tip of hippocampus

51
Q

what is the function of the amygdala

A

controls sympathetic and parasympathetic function
aka flight or fight

52
Q

what is an “Amygdala Hijack”

A

cerebral cortex shuts down which controls logical thinking and planning

53
Q

what is the midbrain

A

small portion of brainstem connecting forebrain to hindbrain

54
Q

what is the function of the midbrain

A

communicates impulses between brainstem and spinal corn with forebrain

55
Q

Where is the pons located

A

36

expanded area below the hypothalamus

56
Q

what is the function of the pons

A

transmits impulses
control respiratory

57
Q

where is the medulla located

A

directly beneath the pons

58
Q

what is the function of the medulla

A

assist in controlling vital signs
where nerves cross R to L

59
Q

where is the cerebellum located

A

35

expanded portion beneath occipital lobe

60
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

coordinates and smooths voluntary muscle movement

61
Q

what are the layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

62
Q

what are the spaces of the meninges

A

epidural space ( beneath bone & above dura mater)

subdural space ( between dura mater & arachnoid mater)

subarachnoid space ( between arachnoid & Pia mater)

63
Q

what are ventricles in the brain

A

cavities within the brain filled with CSF

64
Q

what is the role of the ventricles

A

communicate with subarachnoid space

65
Q

what anatomy consist in the right & left lateral ventricles

A

16

anterior, posterior, and inferior horn, & the body

66
Q

discuss the 3rd ventricle

A

19

beneath lateral ventricles
space between the thalamus

67
Q

discuss the 4th ventricle

A

35e

communicates with 3rd ventricle superiorly & subarachnoid space inferiorly

68
Q

where does CSF go

A

circulates though all ventricles & subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord

69
Q

what is the purpose of CSF

A

cushion CNS tissue

maintain intracranial pressure

flush toxins from CNS

70
Q

where does CSF form

A

in the lateral ventricles about 125-150ml

71
Q

what does CSF consist of

A

mostly plasma
few WBC NO RBC
proteins and salts

72
Q

where is gray matter located

A

outer layer in cerebrum

73
Q

why does gray matter appear gray

A

due to cell bodies and dendrites

74
Q

what happens in gray matter

A

processing area of brain

no axons and myelin sheath

75
Q

why does white matter appear white

A

presence of myelin sheath on axons

76
Q

what is the function of white matter

A

communicating regions

no neuron cell bodies, only axons and glial cells

77
Q

where is the pineal gland located

A

23

above midbrain cerebellum

78
Q

what is the function of the pineal gland

A

regulates sleep cycle

79
Q

where is the pituitary gland located

A

inferior from hypothalamus and within sella turcica

80
Q

what are cranial nerves

A

nerves that originate from the under surface of brain
part of peripheral system

81
Q

where does the optic nerve attach

A

attaches to posterior surface of each eye

82
Q

where does the optic nerve exit

A

optic foramen of sphenoid

83
Q

where does the optic nerve enter

A

medial to anterior clinoid processes

84
Q

what is the optic chiasm

A

where the optic nerve crosses

85
Q

where is the vagus nerve located

A

down the neck into chest and abdomen

86
Q

what is the function of the vagus nerve

A

regulation of reparation, heart, and abdominal organs

87
Q

what is vagal tone

A

activity of vagal nerve in regulating parasympathetic functions
-increased stress, anxiety, likley to get heart disease

88
Q

what does a low vagal tone mean

A

increased stress, anxiety and heart disease

89
Q

what is a result of paralysis of facial nerve

A

bells palsy

90
Q

where do spinal nerve originate from

A

spinal cord

91
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves do we have

A

31
all motor and sensory

92
Q

superior nerve control what part of the body

A

higher body parts

93
Q

dorsal (posterior ) nerve roots are for what

A

sensory

94
Q

ventral (anterior) nerve roots are for what

A

motor

95
Q

what happens during a sudden adverse sensory event

A

somatic response is generated by spinal cord

96
Q

what is the reflex arc

A

spinal cord triggers motor response

motor nerves carry immediate response stimuli muscles of effected area

97
Q

peripheral nerves carry what muscle functions

A

involuntary

98
Q

define parasympathetic nerves

A

“cruise control”
activates involuntary functions during normal activity
mostly cranial nerve

99
Q

define sympathetic nerves

A

fight or flight
activate involuntary functions during emergencies
mostly spinal nerve

A & P: 2 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions