Digestive system Flashcards
How many cavities connect to the pharynx
7
List the 7 cavities that connect to the pharynx
1-2 tympanic cavitites
3-4 nasal cavities
oral cavity
Larynx
Esophagus
Label the picture
Which bowel diameter is bigger
large bowel is greater in diameter
Which bowel is longer in length
Small bowel has a greater length (25 inches) than large bowel (5 inches)
How is large bowel located
peripherally
How is small bowel located
centrally
What are the pouch like markings called in large bowel
haustral
Discuss the salivary gland
-An exocrine gland
-Produces saliva (1.5 liters per day)
-Has 3 paired gland ( parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
Discuss the liver
-Located in the RUQ under semi diaphragm
-Largest solid organ
-Produces bile to break down ingested fats
Discuss the Gall bladder
-Located in the RUQ under the liver
-Stores bile from liver until needed
Discuss the pancreas
-The head is within the C loop of the duodenum
-The tail extends behind the stomach
-Produces insulin to break down sugar and other enzymes
Where is the esophagus located
Lies behind the mid axillary pane of chest
Posterior to trachea and heart
Anterior to thoracic aorta
Where is the stomach and its different parts located
Most of stomach is anterior
Fundus is most posterior
Lower body is most anterior
Pylorus starts to turn posterior
Where is the duodenum located
Most of duodenum is posterior
The rest is everywhere
The cecum and colon are located where
posterior
The transverse colon is located where
Anterior
The descending colon is located where
Posterior
The sigmoid Colon is located where
Anterior
Define peritoneum
Double walled membrane lining surrounding many abdominal organs to create a peritoneal cavity
What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum
Parietal (outer lining )
Visceral ( Inner lining )
Define mesentery
Small portion of peritoneum that fully surrounds the bowel
4 laters where peritoneum attach ti itself
Where the membranes meet
Define the Omentum
Portion of the peritoneum that extends fro stomach to another organ
Like a sheet
Discuss the greater omentum
Extends from stomach to lie as a loose flap over abdomen
No inferior attatchment
Discuss the lesser omentum
Extends from liver to stomach
Discuss the greater sac
part of peritoneal cavity inferior to stomach
largest portion of cavity
Discuss the lesser sac
part of peritoneal cavity that lies posterior to stomach and inside greater omentum
What does intraperitoneal mean
within the peritoneal cavity
What does retroperitoneal mean
located behind the peritoneal cavity
What does infra peritoneal mean
Located beneath the peritoneal cavity
What are the 3 forms of digestion
Mechanical
chemical
absorption
Discuss mechanical digestion
process of moving and mixing substances
Discuss chemical digestion
process of breaking down into simpler components aided by enzymes
Discuss absorption
process of transferring substances from digestive tract into blood stream
What is mastication
chewing
What is deglutition
swallowing
What is peristalsis
wave like contraction to push the bolus forward
What is churning
mixing substances together into semi solid mass called chyme
What is rhythmic segmentation
breaking up larger food bolus into smaller groups and then remixing the groups
What is haustral churning
special type of churning in large bowel
What is mass peristalsis
peristalsis in large bowel
What is defecation
elimination of solid waste
Discuss carbohydrates
Broken down into simple sugars for an energy source
The excessive produced glucose is stored in cells as glycogen which is stored in the liver and muscle
Discuss proteins
Broken down into amino acids to help build structure
Discuss fats
Broken into fatty acids and glycerol which are stored in adipose cells for future energy
Fatty acids in glycerol are rebuilt in the liver as triglycerides
What substances are ingested but not chemically ingested
Vitamins
Minerals
water (H_20)
What are the 4 classes of body habitus
Hypersthenic (5%)
Sthenic (50%)
Hyposthenic (35%)
Asthenic (10%)
