Biliary System Flashcards
Discuss the Right Lobe
Largest lobe
Right of midline
Takes up most of RUQ
Discuss the left lobe
Left of midline
Extends into LUQ
Discuss the caudate lobe
Superior and posterior surface of right lobe
Discuss the quadrate lobe
Inferior and posterior surface of right lobe
Discuss Falciform
Separates the right and left lobe
What are the main functions of the liver (5)
Synthesis
Metabolism
Secretion
Waste management
Detox
Discuss synthesis
(CGPT)
Creating glycogen , proteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol
-glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles
-liver makes blood based proteins from amino acids ( Albumin, Prothrombin)
- liver combines fatty acids and glycerol to make triglycerides
Define Albumin
Transports proteins in blood plasma
Define prothrombin
Assist platelets in blood coagulation
Where are triglycerides stored
Fat cells
Define cholesterol
Fatty, waxy substance which enables cells to transport molecules through the membrane
Define metabolism
(TG)
Breakdown of glycogen and triglycerides for energy source
Liver breaks down what?
(GG)
Glycogen and glucose for cells to make ATP
What happens when energy needs more lipid intake
Liver breaks down triglycerides, glycerol , and fatty acids for cells to make ATP
What does the liver secrete
A quart of bile per day
What does Bile consist of
Cholesterol
Salts
Bilirubin
Define bile
Digestive fluid that emulsifies lipids into small fatty globules
Define lipase
An enzyme that breaks down fatty globules into fatty acids and glycerol
What happens when RBC’s die
Bilirubin is produces
What does the liver do with dead RBC
Filters then from the blood and removes iron and excretes the bilirubin
Where is iron stored
The liver
(Liver is high in iron )
What does excessive bilirubin indicate
Liver failure
Excessive bilirubin
Ammonia is turned into what
Urea which is a nitrogen based waste
Define Detoxification
Breaking down toxins that are ingested into safer components
What are the stages of the liver
Healthy
Steatosis ( fatty liver)
Liver cirrhosis (non reversible)
Liver fibrosis ( liver failure )
What are the parts of the gallbladder
Neck ( constricted portion)
Body ( middle portion)
Fundus ( most expanded , most inferior and lateral)
Where is the gallbladder located
RUQ
Beneath right liver lobe
About level of L2
Between MSP and Right lateral margin
Anterior to MCP
How does the gallbladder appear in Hyperstenic ( massive ) patients
More lateral ( long across the body)
More superior
How is the gallbladder located in Asthenic ( very slender) patients
More medial
More inferior
What are the 3 functions of the gall bladder
( SEC)
Store bile ( 30-40cc)
Concentrates bile
Excrete bile ( 20-30 times per day)
Define the Right & Left Hepatic ducts
From each liver lobe
Come together to join common hepatic duct
Define the common hepatic duct
Main duct from liver
Joins the cystic duct
Define the cystic duct
Small duct leading to gallbladder neck
2 way valve that controls bile flow
Define the common bile duct
From cystic duct down to pancreatic duct
Longest biliary duct (7-8cm long)
Define the Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Very short duct formed from the
Common bile duct and the pancreatic duct
Joins descending portion of duodenum
Define the Hepatopancreatic sphincter
Aka sphincter oddi
Controls flow of bile into duodenum
Prevents substances from entering the Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Define duodenal papilla
Raised part that surrounds the Hepatopancreatic sphincter
Where is the pancreas located
LUQ in 2 parts
Head lies within the C loop of duodenum
Tail extends behind stomach
What are the pancreas’s 2 functions
Exocrine : secrets enzymes (lipase to break down fat) into pancreatic duct of duodenum
Endocrine : produces insulin & glucagon into bloodstream
What does insulin do
Lowers blood glucose levels
What does glucagon do
Raises blood glucose level
