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A & P: 2 > Biliary System > Flashcards

Biliary System Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss the Right Lobe

A

Largest lobe
Right of midline
Takes up most of RUQ

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2
Q

Discuss the left lobe

A

Left of midline
Extends into LUQ

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3
Q

Discuss the caudate lobe

A

Superior and posterior surface of right lobe

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4
Q

Discuss the quadrate lobe

A

Inferior and posterior surface of right lobe

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5
Q

Discuss Falciform

A

Separates the right and left lobe

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6
Q

What are the main functions of the liver (5)

A

Synthesis
Metabolism
Secretion
Waste management
Detox

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7
Q

Discuss synthesis

(CGPT)

A

Creating glycogen , proteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol

-glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles
-liver makes blood based proteins from amino acids ( Albumin, Prothrombin)
- liver combines fatty acids and glycerol to make triglycerides

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8
Q

Define Albumin

A

Transports proteins in blood plasma

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9
Q

Define prothrombin

A

Assist platelets in blood coagulation

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10
Q

Where are triglycerides stored

A

Fat cells

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11
Q

Define cholesterol

A

Fatty, waxy substance which enables cells to transport molecules through the membrane

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12
Q

Define metabolism

(TG)

A

Breakdown of glycogen and triglycerides for energy source

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13
Q

Liver breaks down what?

(GG)

A

Glycogen and glucose for cells to make ATP

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14
Q

What happens when energy needs more lipid intake

A

Liver breaks down triglycerides, glycerol , and fatty acids for cells to make ATP

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15
Q

What does the liver secrete

A

A quart of bile per day

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16
Q

What does Bile consist of

A

Cholesterol
Salts
Bilirubin

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17
Q

Define bile

A

Digestive fluid that emulsifies lipids into small fatty globules

18
Q

Define lipase

A

An enzyme that breaks down fatty globules into fatty acids and glycerol

19
Q

What happens when RBC’s die

A

Bilirubin is produces

20
Q

What does the liver do with dead RBC

A

Filters then from the blood and removes iron and excretes the bilirubin

21
Q

Where is iron stored

A

The liver
(Liver is high in iron )

22
Q

What does excessive bilirubin indicate

A

Liver failure
Excessive bilirubin

23
Q

Ammonia is turned into what

A

Urea which is a nitrogen based waste

24
Q

Define Detoxification

A

Breaking down toxins that are ingested into safer components

25
Q

What are the stages of the liver

A

Healthy
Steatosis ( fatty liver)
Liver cirrhosis (non reversible)
Liver fibrosis ( liver failure )

26
Q

What are the parts of the gallbladder

A

Neck ( constricted portion)

Body ( middle portion)

Fundus ( most expanded , most inferior and lateral)

27
Q

Where is the gallbladder located

A

RUQ
Beneath right liver lobe
About level of L2
Between MSP and Right lateral margin
Anterior to MCP

28
Q

How does the gallbladder appear in Hyperstenic ( massive ) patients

A

More lateral ( long across the body)
More superior

29
Q

How is the gallbladder located in Asthenic ( very slender) patients

A

More medial
More inferior

30
Q

What are the 3 functions of the gall bladder

( SEC)

A

Store bile ( 30-40cc)
Concentrates bile
Excrete bile ( 20-30 times per day)

31
Q

Define the Right & Left Hepatic ducts

A

From each liver lobe
Come together to join common hepatic duct

32
Q

Define the common hepatic duct

A

Main duct from liver
Joins the cystic duct

33
Q

Define the cystic duct

A

Small duct leading to gallbladder neck
2 way valve that controls bile flow

34
Q

Define the common bile duct

A

From cystic duct down to pancreatic duct
Longest biliary duct (7-8cm long)

35
Q

Define the Hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Very short duct formed from the
Common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

Joins descending portion of duodenum

36
Q

Define the Hepatopancreatic sphincter

A

Aka sphincter oddi
Controls flow of bile into duodenum
Prevents substances from entering the Hepatopancreatic ampulla

37
Q

Define duodenal papilla

A

Raised part that surrounds the Hepatopancreatic sphincter

38
Q

Where is the pancreas located

A

LUQ in 2 parts
Head lies within the C loop of duodenum
Tail extends behind stomach

39
Q

What are the pancreas’s 2 functions

A

Exocrine : secrets enzymes (lipase to break down fat) into pancreatic duct of duodenum

Endocrine : produces insulin & glucagon into bloodstream

40
Q

What does insulin do

A

Lowers blood glucose levels

41
Q

What does glucagon do

A

Raises blood glucose level

A & P: 2 (17 decks)

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