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A & P: 2 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What carriers blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What carries blood to the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

What are capillaries

A

Microscopic vessels where arteries and veins join together

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4
Q

What does the inner layer of epithelia cells do

A

Tunica Intima flow with minimal clotting

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5
Q

What does the middle layer of arteries do

A

Smooth and connective muscle tissue called Tunica media gives elasticity

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6
Q

What is the outer layer of an artery

A

Tunica adventitia which is a layer of fibrous tissue

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7
Q

Veins have the same anatomy of arteries except what?

A

The thinner layer of tunica media does to lower venous pressure

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8
Q

What is the internal valves do?

A

Reduce pooling of blood due to lower pressure

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9
Q

How is the heart positioned in the body

A

Posterior and left of sternum

From 3-5th anterior ribs

Base medial
Apex lateral

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10
Q

What kind of blood does the right atrium receive

A

CO_2 blood from the body

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11
Q

What kind of blood does the left atrium receive

A

O_2 blood from the lungs

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12
Q

What kind of blood does the right ventricle receive

A

CO_2 blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs

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13
Q

What kind of blood does the left ventricle receive

A

O_2 blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body via aorta

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14
Q

What are chordae tendineae

A

Fibers that connect mitral and tricuspid valves

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15
Q

Right side valves are more what than left ones

A

Inferior

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16
Q

Define the pericardium

A

Membrane sac surrounding the heart

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17
Q

C0_2 rich blood enters the body and flows into the …

A

Right atrium

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18
Q

The right atrium pushes CO_2 blood through what

A

Tricuspid valve and right ventricle

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19
Q

The right ventricle contracts to push CO_2 blood to the

A

Pulmonary valve then into the pulmonary artery

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20
Q

The pulmonary artery takes CO_2 rich blood to

A

The lungs to exchange CO_2 with O_2

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21
Q

O_2 rich blood enters from the lungs and enters where

A

Left atrium

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22
Q

The left atrium contracts O_2 blood to what

A

The mitral bicuspid valve and the left ventricle

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23
Q

Where do the electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat begin

A

Sinoatrial posterior wall of the right atrium

24
Q

Where do impulses travel after they begin

A

To the atrioventricular

Wall between the right atrium and ventricles

25
Q

Where do electrical impulses travel after the atrioventricular wall

A

The bundle of HIS

Wall that separates both ventricles

26
Q

Where does the electrical impulse end

A

In the purkinjie fibers located in the ventricular walls (triggers systolic )

27
Q

What do coronary arteries do

A

Supply oxygen rich blood to heart for nourishment

28
Q

What are the common places for coronary artery disease (occlusion)

A

Right coronary artery (RCA)

Left anterior descending artery (LADC)

Circumflex artery (CA)

29
Q

Label coronary arteries

A
30
Q

What are the major systemic arteries in order

A

Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending thoracic aorta
Descending abdominal aorta

31
Q

Label and trace arteries in the major trunk

A
32
Q

What is the blood flow of arteries in the head and neck

A
  1. Brachiocephalic
  2. Left common carotid
  3. Left subclavian
33
Q

Label arteries of head and neck

A
34
Q

What is the purpose of the circle of Willis

A

Allows blood to reach all parts of the brain if one vessels become occluded

35
Q

Label the circle of Willis

A
36
Q

What is the blood flow of veins in the head and neck

A
  1. Brachiocephalic
    2.subclavian
37
Q

What is the blood flow of arteries in upper extremities

A
  1. Subclavian
  2. Axillary
  3. Brachial
  4. Common iliac arteries
38
Q

Know the blood flow of veins in the extremities

A

Cephalic
Axillary
Brachial
Common iliacs

39
Q

Label extremity artery and veins

A
40
Q

Define the portal venous system

A

When the blood from digestive organs get diverted into the liver for filtration before mixing with remainder of blood

41
Q

Trace the blood flow of the portal venous anatomy

A

Gastric vein
Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Portal vein
Liver
Hepatic vein
Inferior vena cava

42
Q

What are some key differences about fetal blood circulation

A

Fetal blood circulation includes umbilical arteries and veins

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

43
Q

What kind of blood does the fetal umbilical vein carry

A

O_2 rich blood

44
Q

What kind of blood do the 2 fetal arteries carry

A

CO_2

45
Q

What is the foramen ovale in fetal heart

A

Hole in the heart between the right and left atrium

46
Q

Define the ductus arteriosus

A

Vessels connecting to pulmonary arteries
Allows remainder of blood to bypass to the lungs

47
Q

What are the 3 purposes of the lymphatic system

A

Transport interstitial fluid to bloodstream

Filtration of micro organisms via lymph nodes

Maturation of lymphocytes

48
Q

Define transport in the lymphatic system

A

Regulation of interstitial fluid occurs in the lymphatic ducts for transport to the circulatory system

49
Q

What are the 2 ducts in the lymphatic system

A

Thoracic duct ( drains fluid from entire left half and entire lower half)

Right lymphatic duct ( drains right upper half of body)

50
Q

All lymphatic fluid becomes what

A

Plasma

51
Q

Define filtration

A

Removing pathogens and migrant cancer cells

Storage center for mature lymphocytes

52
Q

What are lymphocytes

A

Leukocytes that form the basis of immunity

53
Q

Define the spleen

A

Made of lymphatic tissue
Located LUQ retro gastric

Blood and RBC reservoir

54
Q

Define the thymus

A

Located behind the sternum
Vital in infants and toddlers
Shrinks with age

55
Q

Label lymphnodes

A

A & P: 2 (17 decks)

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