Circulatory System Flashcards
What carriers blood away from the heart
Arteries
What carries blood to the heart
Veins
What are capillaries
Microscopic vessels where arteries and veins join together
What does the inner layer of epithelia cells do
Tunica Intima flow with minimal clotting
What does the middle layer of arteries do
Smooth and connective muscle tissue called Tunica media gives elasticity
What is the outer layer of an artery
Tunica adventitia which is a layer of fibrous tissue
Veins have the same anatomy of arteries except what?
The thinner layer of tunica media does to lower venous pressure
What is the internal valves do?
Reduce pooling of blood due to lower pressure
How is the heart positioned in the body
Posterior and left of sternum
From 3-5th anterior ribs
Base medial
Apex lateral
What kind of blood does the right atrium receive
CO_2 blood from the body
What kind of blood does the left atrium receive
O_2 blood from the lungs
What kind of blood does the right ventricle receive
CO_2 blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs
What kind of blood does the left ventricle receive
O_2 blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body via aorta
What are chordae tendineae
Fibers that connect mitral and tricuspid valves
Right side valves are more what than left ones
Inferior
Define the pericardium
Membrane sac surrounding the heart
C0_2 rich blood enters the body and flows into the …
Right atrium
The right atrium pushes CO_2 blood through what
Tricuspid valve and right ventricle
The right ventricle contracts to push CO_2 blood to the
Pulmonary valve then into the pulmonary artery
The pulmonary artery takes CO_2 rich blood to
The lungs to exchange CO_2 with O_2
O_2 rich blood enters from the lungs and enters where
Left atrium
The left atrium contracts O_2 blood to what
The mitral bicuspid valve and the left ventricle
Where do the electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat begin
Sinoatrial posterior wall of the right atrium
Where do impulses travel after they begin
To the atrioventricular
Wall between the right atrium and ventricles
Where do electrical impulses travel after the atrioventricular wall
The bundle of HIS
Wall that separates both ventricles
Where does the electrical impulse end
In the purkinjie fibers located in the ventricular walls (triggers systolic )
What do coronary arteries do
Supply oxygen rich blood to heart for nourishment
What are the common places for coronary artery disease (occlusion)
Right coronary artery (RCA)
Left anterior descending artery (LADC)
Circumflex artery (CA)
Label coronary arteries
What are the major systemic arteries in order
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending thoracic aorta
Descending abdominal aorta
Label and trace arteries in the major trunk
What is the blood flow of arteries in the head and neck
- Brachiocephalic
- Left common carotid
- Left subclavian
Label arteries of head and neck
What is the purpose of the circle of Willis
Allows blood to reach all parts of the brain if one vessels become occluded
Label the circle of Willis
What is the blood flow of veins in the head and neck
- Brachiocephalic
2.subclavian
What is the blood flow of arteries in upper extremities
- Subclavian
- Axillary
- Brachial
- Common iliac arteries
Know the blood flow of veins in the extremities
Cephalic
Axillary
Brachial
Common iliacs
Label extremity artery and veins
Define the portal venous system
When the blood from digestive organs get diverted into the liver for filtration before mixing with remainder of blood
Trace the blood flow of the portal venous anatomy
Gastric vein
Splenic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Portal vein
Liver
Hepatic vein
Inferior vena cava
What are some key differences about fetal blood circulation
Fetal blood circulation includes umbilical arteries and veins
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
What kind of blood does the fetal umbilical vein carry
O_2 rich blood
What kind of blood do the 2 fetal arteries carry
CO_2
What is the foramen ovale in fetal heart
Hole in the heart between the right and left atrium
Define the ductus arteriosus
Vessels connecting to pulmonary arteries
Allows remainder of blood to bypass to the lungs
What are the 3 purposes of the lymphatic system
Transport interstitial fluid to bloodstream
Filtration of micro organisms via lymph nodes
Maturation of lymphocytes
Define transport in the lymphatic system
Regulation of interstitial fluid occurs in the lymphatic ducts for transport to the circulatory system
What are the 2 ducts in the lymphatic system
Thoracic duct ( drains fluid from entire left half and entire lower half)
Right lymphatic duct ( drains right upper half of body)
All lymphatic fluid becomes what
Plasma
Define filtration
Removing pathogens and migrant cancer cells
Storage center for mature lymphocytes
What are lymphocytes
Leukocytes that form the basis of immunity
Define the spleen
Made of lymphatic tissue
Located LUQ retro gastric
Blood and RBC reservoir
Define the thymus
Located behind the sternum
Vital in infants and toddlers
Shrinks with age
Label lymphnodes
