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VCE VET Allied Health Flashcards © > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Mast/o
Terat/o

A

Breast
Malformed foetus

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2
Q

Andr/o
Galact/o

A

Male
Milk

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3
Q

Episi/o
Ovari/o

A

Vulva
Ovary

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4
Q

Hymen/o
Ov/i,o

A

Hymen
Egg

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5
Q

Puerper/o
Nat/o

A

Childbirth
Birth

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6
Q

Hyster/o
Uter/o

A

Uterus

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7
Q

Spermat/o
Orchi/o

A

Spermatozoa, sperm
Testis, testicle

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8
Q

Omphal/o
Gravid/o

A

Umbilicus, navel
Pregnancy

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9
Q

Oophor/o
Men/o

A

Ovary
Menstruation

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10
Q

Toc/o
Balan/o

A

Labour
Glans penis

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11
Q

Gynaec/o
Lact/o

A

Woman
Milk

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12
Q

Orchid/o
Colp/o

A

Testis, testicle
Vagina

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13
Q

Cervic/o
Perine/o

A

Cervix
Perineum

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14
Q

Epididym/o
Par/o

A

Epididymis
Bear, give birth to, labour

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15
Q

Gyn/o
Ectop/o

A

Woman
Located away from usual place

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16
Q

Sperm/o
Vagin/o

A

Spermatozoa, sperm
Vagina

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17
Q

Mamm/o
Prostat/o

A

Breast
Prostate gland

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18
Q

Metr/i,o
O/o

A

Uterus
Egg, ovum

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19
Q

Cyes/i,o
Test/o

A

Pregnancy
Testis, testicle

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20
Q

Vulv/o

A

Vulva

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21
Q

Salping/o
Parthen/o

A

Fallopian tube
Virgin

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22
Q

Foet/i,o
Papill/o

A

Foetus, unborn child
Nipple

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23
Q

Vesicul/o
Embry/o

A

Seminal vesicles
Embryo

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24
Q

Function of the reproductive system

A

To produce gametes (egg and sperm) which fuse together, ensuring the ongoing survival of the species through procreation

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25
Q

What is the female primary sex organ and what is its function?

A

Ovaries
- Produce eggs, secrete oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone

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26
Q

What is the male primary sex organ and what is its function?

A

Testes
- Produce sperm, secrete testosterone

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27
Q

What is puberty and how is it triggered?

A
  • Physical changes that allow a child’s body to mature into being capable of sexual reproduction (secondary sexual characteristics)
  • Triggered by hormones
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28
Q

Primary vs secondary sexual characteristics

A
  • Primary: physical traits present at birth e.g. vagina/penis/testes
  • Secondary: features that develop during puberty e.g. deepening of voice, mature breasts, pubic hair
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29
Q

Female secondary sexual characteristics

A

Mature breasts, broadened hips, pubic hair, smaller waist

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30
Q

Male secondary sexual characteristics

A

Pubic hair, facial hair, enlarged adam’s apple, broad shoulders, mature penis, more muscular body

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31
Q

5 functions of female reproductive system

A
  • Produce ova
  • Receive spermatozoon
  • Provide a suitable environment for the conception and development of a foetus
  • Facilitate childbirth
  • Produce milk to nourish offspring
32
Q

What is I and what is its structure and function?

Pixelsquid, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_cervix.svg. This work is in the public domain.
A

Ovary
- S = inner medulla containing fibrous tissue/nerves/blood vessels and outer cortex containing a framework to hold ovarian follicles
- F = produce/secrete oestrogen and progesterone, develop and release ova

33
Q

PCOS
Menorrhagia

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Abnormal condition of excessive menstrual flow

34
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Release of mature ova from ovaries into fallopian tubes

35
Q

Stages of conception

A

Ovulation, ejaculation, fertilisation, implantation

36
Q

3 functions of oestrogen

A
  • Development of female secondary sexual characteristics
  • Onset of menstrual cycle
  • Initially prepares uterine lining to receive a fertilised ovum
37
Q

4 functions of progesterone

A
  • Final preparation of uterine wall to receive fertilised ovum
  • Inhibit shedding of uterine wall
  • Suppress further ovulation
  • Stimulate milk production
38
Q

Describe the hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

A
  • FSH released from pituitary gland, stimulating ovaries to release ovum and oestrogen = thickening of uterine wall
  • LH released from pituitary gland, stimulating ovaries to release progesterone, maintaining uterine lining after ovulation
39
Q

What is fertilisation and where does it occur?

A
  • Fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote
  • Occurs in the fallopian tubes
40
Q

What is implantation?

A

Blastocyst (divided zygote) embeds into the lining of the uterine wall, forming placenta

41
Q

What is the placenta?

A

Provides nourishment and waste removal for the foetus from the mother’s CV system

42
Q

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

A

Join the foetus to the placenta

43
Q

What is the amniotic sac?

A

Contains fluid which provides protection to the foetus

44
Q

Function of the mons pubis

A

Protect female pelvic bones, enhance sexual arousal

45
Q

Function of the labia

A

Protect the vaginal opening, enhance sexual arousal

46
Q

Structure and function of the clitoris

A
  • S = erectile tissue with a large collection of nerve endings > highly sensitive
  • F = sexual arousal
47
Q

Structure and function of the perineum

A
  • S = area of skin between vaginal opening and anus
  • F = structural support, protect urinary/reproductive systems from bacterial transfer
48
Q

What is G and what is its structure and function?

Pixelsquid, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_cervix.svg. This work is in the public domain.
A

Vagina
- S = tube between cervix and vulva, containing smooth muscle and ridges
- F = provide a passageway for menstrual flow, receive penis for sperm exchange, dilate during childbirth to allow a foetus to move through

49
Q

What is C and what is its structure and function?

Pixelsquid, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_cervix.svg. This work is in the public domain.
A

Uterus
- S = hollow, smooth muscular organ (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium) with 3 parts (fundus, body, cervix)
- F = to shed lining in a monthly cycle (if not pregnant) and to provide nourishment and O2 to a foetus via the placenta (if pregnant)

50
Q

What is A and what is its structure and function?

Pixelsquid, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_cervix.svg. This work is in the public domain.
A

Fallopian tube
- S = tubes that join ovaries to uterus, lined with fimbriae (J - ciliated cells to help push egg out)
- F = site of fertilisation, transport of unfertilised egg/zygote into uterus from ovary

51
Q

Structure and function of the breasts

A
  • S = glands made of fatty, fibrous connective tissue, contains 20 lobes each
  • F = to provide lactation after pregnancy (prolactin stimulates milk production and oxytocin promotes the flow of breastmilk)
52
Q

How to maintain a healthy reproductive system (female)

A
  • Regular checkups/screening e.g. pap smear/mammogram
  • Change underwear regularly
  • Protected sex
  • Exercise can increase fertility and libido
  • Balanced diet/sleep etc
53
Q

3 functions of the male reproductive system

A
  • Produce and nourish sperm
  • To discharge sperm into the female reproductive tract for fertilisation
  • To produce and secrete testosterone
54
Q

Scrot/o
Vas/o

A

Scrotum
Vas deferens

55
Q

What is J and what is its structure and function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Scrotum
- S = pouch of skin containing connective tissue and smooth muscle, contains testes and epididymis in 2 compartments, separated by septum
- F = maintain optimal environment for the production, maturation and storage of sperm (e.g. if cold the scrotum contracts to bring testes closer to body)

56
Q

What is I and what is its structure and function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Testis (plural testes)
- S = 2 glands suspended in the scrotum by spermatic cords
- F = produce sperm and testosterone

57
Q

What is H and what is its structure and function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Epididymis
- S = long coiled tube located on top of each testicle, connecting them to the vas deferens
- F = storage and maturation of sperm

58
Q

What are F, E and D?

Pixelsquid, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_cervix.svg. This work is in the public domain.
A
  • F = perimetrium
  • E = myometrium
  • D = endometrium
59
Q

What is H and B?

Pixelsquid, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_cervix.svg. This work is in the public domain.
A
  • H = cervix
  • B = fundus
60
Q

What is G and what is its structure and function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Prostate gland
- S = accessory gland between bladder and penis, urethra runs through the centre
- F = secrete prostate fluid to nourish and protect sperm

61
Q

What are B and F?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A
  • B = bladder
  • F = ejaculatory duct
62
Q

What is A and what is its structure and function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Vas deferens
- S = fibromuscular tube connecting epididymis to urethra
- F = transport sperm from epididymis to urethra

63
Q

What is E and what is its structure and function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Seminal vesicle
- S = coiled tube made of smooth muscle and connective tissue, located between the vas deferens and urethra
- F = produce and store fluid that makes up semen

64
Q

-pareunia

A

Abnormal condition relating to sexual intercourse

65
Q

Cryptorchism
Hydrocele

A

Abnormal condition of a hidden testicle
Hernia/sac of clear fluid in scrotum

66
Q

Varicocele

A

Enlarged/swollen veins near testicle

67
Q

What is C and what is its function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Urethra
- To transport semen from the vas deferens to outside of the penis during ejaculation

68
Q

What is D and what is its structure and function?

Wumingbai, 2021 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_male_reproductive_system_en.svg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Penis
- S = root, shaft made of erectile tissue and smooth muscle, rich blood supply, head covered by foreskin if uncircumcised
- F = ejaculate sperm into vagina, to excrete urine

69
Q

Structure and function of sperm

A
  • S = specialised cell w/ tail to propel and large mitochondrion for energy
  • F = to travel through vagina and fertilise an ovum
70
Q

Function of testosterone

A
  • Production of sperm
  • Male secondary sexual characteristics e.g. muscle growth, hair growth, penis maturity, voice deepening etc
71
Q

How to maintain a healthy reproductive system for males

A
  • Regular checkups/screening e.g. prostate exam
  • Condoms to reduce STI risk
  • Exercise: increased libido and fertility, reduced risk of prostate cancer
  • Be wary of tight fitting clothing as it inhibits scrotum’s ability to nourish testes
72
Q

Gynaecomastia
Polymenorrhoea

A

Abnormal condition of female breasts (i.e. on a man)
Excessively frequent menstrual cycle (not excessive flow)

73
Q

Role of LH in males and females

A
  • Male: causes testicles to produce testosterone
  • Female: triggers release of an egg from the ovary (ovulation)
74
Q

Role of FSH in males and females

A
  • Male: controls production of sperm
  • Female: controls production of eggs
75
Q

Structure and function of an egg

A
  • S = large cytosol to provide nutrients for growth of embryo, increase chance of being found by sperm, sperm can burrow
  • F = to be fertilised by a sperm and divide into an embryo
76
Q

How is the female reproductive TRACT adapted as a barrier?

A
  • Low pH of vaginal canal > hostile environment for bacteria
  • Mucous membrane traps pathogens
  • Microflora in vagina > outcompete
    NB tract = internal not external (so can’t say hair)

VCE VET Allied Health Flashcards © (25 decks)

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