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VCE VET Allied Health Flashcards © > Organisation of the Body: Cells > Flashcards

Organisation of the Body: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

4 Levels of organisation

A
  • Cell: smallest unit of living things, vary in shape, size, function (specialised)
  • Tissue: large numbers of the same type of cell
  • Organ: made of at least 2 tissue types that performs a specific function within the body
  • Organism: organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
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2
Q

What is I and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Cell/plasma membrane
- S = thin membrane around edge of cell, comprised of a phospholipid bilayer
- F = regulates inputs and outputs of the cell

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3
Q

What is J and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Mitochondrion
- S = double membrane bound organelle containing highly folded inner membrane
- F= site of aerobic cellular respiration to provide energy for the cell

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4
Q

What is G and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Smooth ER
- S = long network of folded, tube-like structures
- F = synthesizes lipids and hormones

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5
Q

What is B and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Rough ER
- S = long network of folded, tube-like structures, studded with ribosomes
- F = folding and transport of protein precursors

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6
Q

What is C and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Nucleus
- S = membrane-bound organelle that contains chromosomes (DNA)
- F = controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

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7
Q

What is D and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Nucleolus
- S = a spherical structure found in the cell’s nucleus, comprised mostly of RNA
- F = formation of ribosomes

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8
Q

What is A and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Ribosome
- S = small intracellular structure (not membrane bound) comprised of 2 subunits, made of rRNA and other proteins
- F = site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

What is F and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Cytoplasm
- S = consists of the cytosol (gel-like fluid) and all organelles excluding the nucleus
- F = where most chemical reactions take place, cell expansion, growth and replication

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10
Q

What is H and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Lysosome
- S = membrane-bound cell organelle
- F= contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material including pathogens

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11
Q

What is E and what is its structure and function?

OpenStax, 2016 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0312_Animal_Cell_and_Components.jpg. This work is openly licensed by CC BY 4.0.
A

Golgi apparatus
- S = folded membranes within the cytoplasm
- F = final modification and packaging of proteins

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient (passive > no ATP needed) e.g. gases

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13
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive net movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient

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14
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of larger molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration, against a concentration gradient (active > requires ATP) e.g. glucose/ions

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15
Q

Apoptosis

A

Natural, regulated, programmed cell death

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16
Q

Necrosis

A

Premature death of cells in living tissue (usually from decreased blood flow > hypoxia)

17
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Excessive nourishment/development (of cells) > increased size

18
Q

Atrophy

A

No nourishment/development (of cells) > decreased size or number

19
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal growth/formation of cells

20
Q

Metaplasia

A

Changing formation/growth of cells

21
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Excessive growth/formation of cells > increased number

22
Q

Neoplasia

A

New, uncontrolled growth/formation of cells

23
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Abnormal condition of low growth/formation of cells (low number)

24
Q

Aplasia

A

Abnormal condition of congenital absence or incomplete growth/formation of cells

25
Q

Blast/o
Kary/o

A

Developing cell
Nucleus

26
Q

Necr/o
Cyt/o

A

Death
Cell

27
Q

Reticul/o

A

Network

VCE VET Allied Health Flashcards © (25 decks)

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