Organisation of the Body: Tissues, Membranes and Cavities Flashcards
4 types of body tissue
Muscular, epithelial, nervous, connective
Structure and function of nervous tissue
- S = neurons (dendrites, cell body, axon) and glia (supportive/connective cells with fibrous strands)
- F = transport sensory info from body to brain AND motor info from brain to body
Location and examples of nervous tissue
- Found in brain, spinal cord and nerves throughout the body
- Neurons and glia
Structure and function of muscular tissue
- S = comprised of smooth, skeletal or cardiac muscle cells in particular arrangements
- F = contract and relax to facilitate movement of the body, thermoregulation and movement of substances
Structure and function of connective tissue
- S = fibrous strands with fluid component
- F = help hold internal organs in place, structure, support, protect organs, thermoregulation
Location and examples of connective tissue
- Located between different tissues and organs
- e.g. blood, bones, adipose, cartilage, fascia, tendons, ligaments
Which tissue is the most abundant?
Connective tissue
Structure and function of epithelial tissue
- S = large sheets of continuous cells. Different cell shapes = columnar, cuboidal, squamous (looks like squashed cells). Different thicknesses = simple (1 cell thick), stratified (>1 cell thick)
- F = protection (prevent pathogen entry), absorption, secretion
Locations and examples of epithelial tissue
- Lining cavities and hollow organs, major component of glands
- e.g. skin, lining of small intestine
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Structure, function and examples of skeletal muscle
- S = voluntary, striated
- F = pull bones for movement, stability, posture
- e.g. biceps brachii, triceps brachii
Structure and function of cardiac muscle
- S = involuntary, striated (heart)
- F = pump blood containing nutrients around body
Structure, function and examples of smooth muscle
- S = involuntary, non-striated
- F = facilitates movement of substances and thermoregulation
- e.g. stomach, intestines, oesophagus, arteries, anus, arrestor pili muscles
What is a membrane?
Thin layer of tissue which acts as a boundary, lining or partition in an organism
What are the two broad types of membranes and their subtypes?
- Epithelial: cutaneous, serous, mucous
- Connective: synovial
Structure, function, example of cutaneous membrane
- S = epidermis and dermis
- F = physical barrier between internal and external environment to prevent entry of pathogens for protection
- e.g. skin
Structure, function, locations of serous membrane
- S = double-layered sac (visceral directly outside organ, parietal further from organ)
- F = secrete lubricating fluid to decrease friction from muscle movements
- Pericardial cavity (pericardium), pleural cavity (pleura), peritoneal cavity (peritoneum)
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium (not inflammation surrounding the heart)
Describe the structure of the visceral and parietal peritoneum
- Visceral: outside abdominal organs
- Parietal: inside peritoneal cavity
Note: kidneys are retroperitoneal
Structure, function, locations of mucous membrane
- S = 1 or more layers of epithelial cells overlying connective tissue
- F = secrete mucus for lubrication and protection (traps foreign particles, preventing entry of pathogens)
- Lines openings exposed to external environment e.g. respiratory, digestive and genitourinary tracts
What cavity is 1 & what structures does it contain?
Cranial - brain
What cavity is 2 & what structures does it contain?
Thoracic - pleural and pericardial cavities, superior mediastinum
What cavity is 3 & what structures does it contain?
Abdominal - stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, abdomen
What cavity is 4 & what structures does it contain?
Pelvic - hips and reproductive structures
What cavity is 6 & what structures does it contain?
Abdominopelvic - abdominal, pelvic, peritoneal cavities
What cavity is 5 & what structures does it contain?
Ventral - thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavities
What cavity is 7 & what structures does it contain?
Dorsal - cranial and vertebral cavities
What is a?
Superior mediastinum
What cavity is b & what structures does it contain?
Vertebral - spinal cord
What cavity is c & what structures does it contain?
Pleural - lungs
What cavity is d & what structures does it contain?
Pericardial - heart
What is abdominal quadrant a?
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
What is abdominal quadrant c?
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
What is abdominal quadrant b?
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
What is abdominal quadrant d?
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
What is abdominal region 1?
R) hypochondriac
What is abdominal region 2?
Epigastric
What is abdominal region 3?
L) hypochondriac
What is abdominal region 4?
R) lumbar
What is abdominal region 5?
Umbilical
What is abdominal region 6?
L) lumbar
What is abdominal region 7?
R) iliac
What is abdominal region 8?
Hypogastric
What is abdominal region 9?
L) iliac
