Endocrine System Flashcards
Parathyroid/o
Adrenal/o
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Endocrin/o
Adren/o
Endocrine
Adrenal gland
Structure and function of endocrine system
- S = network of glands and organs located throughout the body, hormones throughout blood
- F = regulate a range of bodily functions & maintain homeostasis by secreting hormones
What is a gland
Organ that secretes substances (often hormones)
Endocrine vs exocrine gland
- Endocrine: ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood
- Exocrine: releases substances onto an external surface via a duct
Function of a hormone
Chemical messenger that controls and coordinates bodily functions by affecting the activity of target cells
2 examples of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH): stimulates adrenal glands to release corticosteroids
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH): stimulates pituitary gland to release growth hormone (HGH)
Pituitar/y,o
Hypophys/o
Pituitary gland
What is the breakdown of hypophyseal?
- Root: hypophys (pituitary gland)
- Combining vowel: /e
- Suffix: -al (pertaining to)
What is growth hormone (HGH) & where is it secreted?
Regulates growth and physical development (pituitary gland)
What is ACTH and where is it secreted?
Stimulates adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones, mainly cortisol (pituitary gland)
What is prolactin and where is it secreted?
Stimulates milk production (pituitary gland)
What is TSH and where is it secreted?
Stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones (pituitary gland)
What is melatonin and where is it secreted?
Controls sleep/wake cycle (secreted by pineal gland)
What is oxytocin and where is it secreted?
Regulates of lactation and childbirth (pituitary gland)
What is ADH and where is it secreted?
Regulates water absorption in kidneys (secreted in pituitary gland)
What is C and what is its function in the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
- Produces hormones which stimulate other glands to secrete hormones for homeostasis as a link between the nervous and endocrine systems
What is D and what is its function?
Pituitary gland
Regulates growth and reproduction
What is E and what is its structure and function?
Parathyroid gland
- S = 4 small circular glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
- F = regulate calcium levels in blood and bones by secreting PTH
What is J and what is its function?
Testis
- Secretes testosterone to regulate sex drive, bone mass, fat, muscle mass, RBC, sperm etc